en
jalali
1395
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1
gregorian
2016
11
1
20
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online
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Role of Epigenetics in Biology and Human Diseases
Role of Epigenetics in Biology and Human Diseases
For a long time, scientists have tried to describe disorders just by genetic or environmental factors. However, the role of epigenetics in human diseases has been considered from a half of century ago. In the last decade, this subject has attracted many interests, especially in complicated disorders such as behavior plasticity, memory, cancer, autoimmune disease, and addiction as well as neurodegenerative and psychological disorders. This
review first explains the history and classification of epigenetic modifications, and then the role of epigenetic in biology and connection between the epigenetics and environment are explained. Furthermore, the role
of epigenetics in human diseases is considered by focusing on some diseases with some complicated features,
and at the end, we have given the future perspective of this field. The present review article provides concepts with some examples to reveal a broad view of different aspects of epigenetics in biology and human diseases.
DNA modification, DNA methylation, Gene expression
246
258
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-620&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/5
1395/4/15
2016/07/5
1395/4/15
Azam
Moosavi
00319475328460055670
00319475328460055670
No
Ali
Motevalizadeh Ardekani
Ardekani@nigeb.ac.ir
00319475328460055671
00319475328460055671
Yes
en
Venom Components of Iranian Scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus Inhibit the Growth and Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1)
Venom Components of Iranian Scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus Inhibit the Growth and Replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1)
Background: During the recent years, significant progress has been achieved on development of novel anti-viral drugs. Natural products are assumed as the potential sources of novel anti-viral drugs; therefore, there are some previous studies reporting the anti-viral compounds from venomous animals. Based on the significant value for tracing of non-toxic anti-viral agents from natural resources, this study was aimed to investigate the anti-viral activity of some HPLC purified fractions derived from the venom of Iranian scorpion, Hemiscorpius lepturus, against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Methods: H. Lepturus crude venom was subjected to reverse phase HPLC analysis to determine its active components precisely where four dominant fractions obtained at retention time of 156-160 minutes. The phospholipase A2 and hemolytic activities of the purified fractions were first evaluated. Then the anti-viral activity was measured using single cycle HIV (NL4-3) replication and HSV (KOS) plaque reduction assays. Results: The H. lepturus crude venom inhibited HIV replication by 73% at the concentration of 200 µg/ml, while it did not show significant anti-HSV activity. It also inhibited the cell-free viral particles in a virucidal assay, while it showed no toxicity for the target cells in a proliferation assay. The four HPLC fractions purified from H. lepturus inhibited HIV with IC50 of 20 µg/ml. Conclusion: H. lepturus venom contains components with considerable anti-HIV activity insofar as it has virucidal activity that offers a novel therapeutic approach against HIV infection. Our results suggest a promising pilot for anti-HIV drug discovery with H. lepturus scorpion venom.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Hemiscorpius lepturus, Venom
259
265
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-627&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/52016/09/4
1395/6/14
2016/07/52016/09/4
1395/6/14
Rezvan
Zabihollahi
00319475328460055672
00319475328460055672
No
Kamran
Pooshang Bagheri
00319475328460055673
00319475328460055673
No
Zohreh
Keshavarz
00319475328460055674
00319475328460055674
No
Fatemeh
Motevalli
00319475328460055675
00319475328460055675
No
Golnaz
Bahramali
00319475328460055676
00319475328460055676
No
Seyed Davar
Siadat
00319475328460055677
00319475328460055677
No
Seyed Bahman
Momen
00319475328460055678
00319475328460055678
No
Delavar
Shahbazzadeh
00319475328460055679
00319475328460055679
No
Mohammad Reza
Aghasadeghi
mrasadeghi@pasteur.ac.ir
00319475328460055680
00319475328460055680
Yes
en
Facilitation of Hippocampal Kindling and Exacerbation of Kindled Seizures by Intra-CA1 Injection of Quinine: A Possible Role for Cx36 Gap Junctions
Facilitation of Hippocampal Kindling and Exacerbation of Kindled Seizures by Intra-CA1 Injection of Quinine: A Possible Role of Cx36 Gap Junctions
Background: GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 area are mutually communicated by gap junctions (GJs) composed of connexin36 (Cx36). We examined the role of Cx36 in CA1 in manifestation of kindled seizures and hippocampal kindling in rats. Methods: Quinine, as the specific blocker of Cx36, was injected into CA1, and kindled seizures severity was examined 10 min afterward. Moreover, quinine was injected into CA1 once daily, and the rate of CA1 kindling was recorded. Results: Quinine 0.5 and 1 mM caused 2- and 3.5-fold increase in
the duration of total seizure behavior and generalized the seizures. Primary and secondary afterdischarges (AD) were also significantly increased. Quinine 0.1 mM augmented the rate of kindling and the growth of secondary AD. Conclusion: Cx36 GJs in CA1 are the main components of hippocampal inhibitory circuit. Any interruption
in this path by pathologic or physical damages can trigger hippocampal hyperexcitability and facilitate epileptogenesis. to determine its active components precisely where four dominant fractions obtained at retention time of 156-160 minutes. The phospholipase A2 and hemolytic activities of the purified fractions were first evaluated. Then the anti-viral activity was measured using single cycle HIV (NL4-3) replication and HSV (KOS) plaque reduction assays. Results: The H. lepturus crude venom inhibited HIV replication by 73% at the concentration of 200 µg/ml, while it did not show significant anti-HSV activity. It also inhibited the cell-free viral particles in a virucidal assay, while it showed no toxicity for the target cells in a proliferation assay. The four HPLC fractions purified from H. lepturus inhibited HIV with IC50 of 20 µg/ml. Conclusion: H. lepturus venom contains components with considerable anti-HIV activity insofar as it has virucidal activity that offers a novel therapeutic approach against HIV infection. Our results suggest a promising pilot for anti-HIV drug discovery with H. lepturus scorpion venom.
CA1, Connexin36, Gap junctions, Kindling, Quinine
266
272
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-605&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/24
1395/2/5
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/24
1395/2/5
Fatemeh
Etemadi
00319475328460055681
00319475328460055681
No
Mohammad
Sayyah
sayyahm2@pasteur.ac.ir
00319475328460055682
00319475328460055682
Yes
Hamid
Gholami Pourbadie
00319475328460055683
00319475328460055683
No
Vahab
Babapour
00319475328460055684
00319475328460055684
No
en
Minocycline Effects on IL-6 Concentration in Macrophage and Microglial Cells in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain
Minocycline Effects on IL-6 Concentration in Macrophage and Microglial Cells in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain
Background: Evidence indicates that neuropathic pain pathogenesis is not confined to changes in the activity of neuronal systems but involves interactions between neurons, inflammatory immune and immune-like glial cells. Substances released from immune cells during inflammation play an important role in development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. It has been found that minocycline suppresses the development of neuropathic pain. Here, we evaluated the analgesic effect of minocycline in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rat and assessed IL-6 concentration from cultured macrophage and microglia cells. Methods: Male Wistar rat (n=6, 150-200 g) were divided into three different groups: 1) CCI+vehicle, 2) sham+vehicle, and 3) CCI+drug. Minocycline (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) was injected one hour before surgery and continued daily to day 14 post ligation. Von Frey filaments and acetone, as pain behavioral tests, were used for mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia, respectively. Experiments were performed on day 0 (before surgery) and days 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 post -injury. At day 14, rats were killed and monocyte-derived macrophage from right ventricle and microglia from lumbar part of the spinal cord were isolated and cultured in RPMI and Leibovitz's media, respectively. IL-6 concentration was evaluated in cell culture supernatant after 24 h. Results: Minocycline (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg) attenuated pain behavior, and a decrease in IL-6 concentration was observed in immune cells compared to CCI vehicle-treated animals. Conclusion: Minocycline reduced pain behavior and decreased IL-6 concentration in macrophage and microglial cells. lack;background:white'>drug discovery with H. lepturus scorpion venom.
Minocycline, Interleukin-6, Macrophages, Microglia
273
279
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-616&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/25
1395/3/5
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/25
1395/3/5
Taraneh
Moini-Zanjani
00319475328460055685
00319475328460055685
No
Seyed-Nasser
Ostad
00319475328460055686
00319475328460055686
No
Farzaneh
Labibi
00319475328460055687
00319475328460055687
No
Haleh
Ameli
00319475328460055688
00319475328460055688
No
Nariman
Mosaffa
00319475328460055689
00319475328460055689
No
Masoumeh
Sabetkasaei
fkasaei@yahoo.com
00319475328460055690
00319475328460055690
Yes
en
Epidemiology of Rotavirus-Norovirus Co-Infection and Determination of Norovirus Genogrouping among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran
Epidemiology of Rotavirus-Norovirus Co-Infection and Determination of Norovirus Genogrouping among Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran
Background: Enteric viruses, particularly human rotavirus and norovirus, have been shown to replace bacteria and parasites, as the most common pathogens responsible for acute diarrhea. However, there are still few epidemiological data on the simultaneous occurrence of these viruses in Iran. In this regard, the aim of this study was to assess the useful epidemiological data on the gastroenteritis associated with rotavirus-norovirus mixed infection and to examine the prevalence of norovirus genogrouping among children aged less than five years old in Iran. Methods: A total of 170 stool samples were collected from children under five years of age with the clinical signs and symptoms of acute gastroenteritis, from May 2013 to May 2014. For the detection of both rotavirus and norovirus, total RNA was extracted from all samples, followed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For both detected rotaviruses and noroviruses, genogrouping was performed. Results: Of 170 samples, 49 (28.8%) and 15 (8.8%) samples were found to be positive for rotavirus and norovirus infections by RT-PCR. Interestingly, 6 (3.5%) patients were positive for both infections. Among the 15 norovirus-positive patients, 13 (86.6%) and 2 (13.3%) belonged to genogroups GII and GI. Conclusions: The norovirus genogroup GII and rotavirus lead to the serious infections in children with acute gastroenteritis. However, more well-designed studies are needed to further elucidate the role of other enteric viruses in acute gastroenteritis.
Gastroenteritis, Rotavirus, Norovirus, Coinfection, Epidemiology
280
286
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-609&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/3
1395/2/14
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/3
1395/2/14
Seyed Dawood
Mousavi Nasab
00319475328460055691
00319475328460055691
No
Farzaneh
Sabahi
sabahi_f@modares.ac.ir
00319475328460055692
00319475328460055692
Yes
Manoochehr
Makvandi
00319475328460055693
00319475328460055693
No
Siamak
Mirab Samiee
00319475328460055694
00319475328460055694
No
Seyed Alireza
Nadji
00319475328460055695
00319475328460055695
No
Mehrdad
Ravanshad
00319475328460055696
00319475328460055696
No
en
β-galactosidase Production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 Using Inexpensive Substrates in Solid-State Fermentation: Optimization by Orthogonal Arrays Design
β-galactosidase Production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 Using Inexpensive Substrates in Solid-State Fermentation: Optimization by Orthogonal Arrays Design
Background: Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is one of the most important biotechnological processes in the food industry, which is accomplished by enzyme β-galactosidase (β-gal, β-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23), trivial called lactase. Orthogonal arrays design is an appropriate option for the optimization of biotechnological processes for the production of microbial enzymes. Methods: Design of experimental (DOE) methodology using Taguchi orthogonal array (OA) was employed to screen the most significant levels of parameters, including the solid substrates (wheat straw, rice straw, and peanut pod), the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios, the incubation time, and the inducer. The level of β-gal production was measured by a photometric enzyme activity assay using the artificial substrate ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside. Results: The results showed that C/N ratio (0.2% [w/v], incubation time (144 hour), and solid substrate (wheat straw) were the best conditions determined by the design of experiments using the Taguchi approach. Conclusion: Our finding showed that the use of rice straw and peanut pod, as solid-state substrates, led to 2.041-folds increase in the production of the enzyme, as compared to rice straw. In addition, the presence of an inducer did not have any significant impact on the enzyme production levels.
Beta-galactosidase, Aspergillus niger, Solid waste
287
294
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-614&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/32016/05/25
1395/3/5
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/32016/05/25
1395/3/5
Samaneh
Kazemi
kazemi_samane@ymail.com
00319475328460055697
00319475328460055697
Yes
Gholam
Khayati
00319475328460055698
00319475328460055698
No
Mohammad
Faezi-Ghasemi
00319475328460055699
00319475328460055699
No
en
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals a BSCL2 Mutation Causing Progressive Encephalopathy with Lipodystrophy (PELD) in an Iranian Pediatric Patient
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals a BSCL2 Mutation Causing Progressive Encephalopathy with Lipodystrophy (PELD) in an Iranian Pediatric Patient
Background: Progressive encephalopathy with or without lipodystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive childhood-onset seipin-associated neurodegenerative syndrome, leading to developmental regression of motor and cognitive skills. In this study, we introduce a patient with developmental regression and autism. The causative mutation was found by exome sequencing. Methods: The proband showed a generalized hypertonia and regression of all developmental milestones. Based on the advantages of next-generation sequencing (NGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) was requested. The functional significance of variants was evaluated by NGS-specific prediction servers. Sanger sequencing was used for segregation analysis in the family. Results: There was no specific sign in the clinical and paraclinical investigations of the patient to establish a conclusive
clinical diagnosis. WES detected a known homozygous nonsense mutation in BSCL2 (NM_001122955.3:c. 985C>T; p.Arg329*). The variant is segregating in the pedigree with an autosomal recessive pattern. Conclusion: Exome sequencing is a robust method for identifying the candidate gene variants in Mendelian traits.
Exome, BSCL2, Seipin, Iran
295
301
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-625&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/32016/05/252016/07/23
1395/5/2
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/32016/05/252016/07/23
1395/5/2
Mohammad Reza
Alaei
00319475328460055700
00319475328460055700
No
Saeed
Talebi
00319475328460055701
00319475328460055701
No
Mohammad
Ghofrani
00319475328460055702
00319475328460055702
No
Mohsen
Taghizadeh
00319475328460055703
00319475328460055703
No
Mohammad
Keramatipour
keramatipour@tums.ac.ir
00319475328460055704
00319475328460055704
Yes
en
Demonstration of Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Colorectal Cancer
Demonstration of Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr Virus in Colorectal Cancer
Background: The present study sought to investigate molecular evidence for association between the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in CRC and colorectal polyp by using the PCR method in Iran. Methods: In this analytical case-control study, we selected 15 patients with CRC, 20 patients with colorectal polyp, and 35 patients without malignancy as controls. After DNA extraction, PCR was used to determine HSV, CMV, and EBV genome by specific primers. Statistical analysis was performed using χ2 tests. Results: Our findings demonstrated that there is no direct molecular evidence to support the association between HSV, CMV, and EBV and human colorectal malignancies. Conclusion: The results from this study do not exclude a possible oncogenic role of these viruses in neoplastic development of colon cells.
Colorectal cancer, Herpes simplex virus, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Bar virus, PCR
302
306
http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-600&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/32016/05/252016/07/232016/03/14
1394/12/24
2016/07/52016/09/42016/04/242016/05/252016/05/32016/05/252016/07/232016/03/14
1394/12/24
Sahar
Mehrabani-Khasraghi
saharmehrabani1@gmail.com
00319475328460055705
00319475328460055705
Yes
Mitra
Ameli
00319475328460055706
00319475328460055706
No
Farzad
Khalily
00319475328460055707
00319475328460055707
No