@article{ author = {Abediankenari, Saeid and Ghasemi, Maryam and Kim, Young-June}, title = {Human Leukocyte Antigen-G Expression on Dendritic Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and CD4+ T Cells Proliferation}, abstract ={Background: During antigen capture and processing, mature dendritic cells (DC) express large amounts of peptide-MHC complexes and accessory molecules on their surface. DC are antigen-presenting cells that have an important role in tolerance and autoimmunity. The transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) cytokine has a regulatory role on the immune and non-immune cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of TGF-β1 on the induction of human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) expression on the DC which is derived from monocyte. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the effect of TGF-β1 in induction HLA-G expression on the monocyte-derived DC by flowcytometry and then CD4+ T cell proliferative responses in the presence of DC-treated TGF-β1 was studied. Results: The results of this study showed that DC bearing HLA-G down-regulated activation of CD4+ T cells and production of IL-6 and IL-17 in comparison with control (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that TGF-β1 has an important regulatory role in CD4+ T cell proliferation by increasing HLA-G on DC and these cells can probably prevent unexpected immune responses in vivo.}, Keywords = {Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), Dendritic cell (DC), IL-17}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-400-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-400-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Solouk, Atefeh and Mirzadeh, Hamid and Shokrgozar, Mohammad Ali and Solati-Hashjin, Mehran and Najarian, Siamak and Seifalian, Alexander M.}, title = {The Study of Collagen Immobilization on a Novel Nanocomposite to Enhance Cell Adhesion and Growth}, abstract ={Background: Surface properties of a biomaterial could be critical in determining biomaterial’s biocompatibility due to the fact that the first interactions between the biological environment and artificial materials are most likely occurred at material’s surface. In this study, the surface properties of a new nanocomposite (NC) polymeric material were modified by combining plasma treatment and collagen immobilization in order to enhance cell adhesion and growth. Methods: NC films were plasma treated in reactive O2 plasma at 60 W for 120 s. Afterward, type I collagen was immobilized on the activated NC by a safe, easy, and effective one-step process. The modified surfaces of NC were characterized by water contact angle measurement, water uptake, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR). Furthermore, the cellular behaviors of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) such as attachment, growth and proliferation on the surface of the NC were also evaluated in vitro by optical microscopy and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test. Results: The outcomes indicated that plasma treatment and collagen immobilization could improve hydrophilicity of NC. SEM micrograph of the grafted film showed a confluent layer of collagen with about 3-5 µm thicknesses. In vitro tests showed that collagen-grafted and plasma-treated surfaces both resulted in higher cell adhesion and growth state compared with untreated ones. Conclusion: Plasma surface modification and collagen immobilization could enhance the attachment and proliferation of HUVEC onto NC, and the method would be usefully applied to enhance its biocompatibility.}, Keywords = {Human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC), Surface modification, Collagen}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {6-14}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-401-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-401-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Hamid, Mohammad and Mahjoubi, Frouzandeh and Akbari, Mohammad Taghi and Khanahmad, Hossein and Jamshidi, Fatemeh and Zeinali, Sirous and Karimipoor, Mortez}, title = {Transient Expression Assay of Aγ-588 (A/G) Mutations in the K562 Cell Line}, abstract ={Background: In the previous study, we have shown that the presence of A allele at position -588 in Aγ-globin gene was highly frequent and closely associated with fetal hemoglobin elevation among β-thalassemia intermedia patients. Therefore, we decided to investigate whether this allele (A allele at -588) could result in an increase in Aγ-globin gene expression to ameliorate the severity of the disease in thalassemia patients. Methods: Three constructs containing µ locus control region, Aγ-globin and β-globin genes were designed and employed in the transient expression assay. The difference among constructs was in the promoter region of Aγ-globin gene (A and G alleles at -588). A construct with T to C base substitution at -175 of Aγ-globin, created by site-directed mutagenesis, was selected as positive control. The K562 cell line was transfected with the above constructs. Subsequently, the expression of Aγ-globin gene was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Results: There was not a significant increase in the expression of Aγ-globin gene in the construct containing A allele comparing the one with G allele at -588. Conclusions: -588 (A>G) mutation does not play a major role in regulation of Aγ-globin gene, suggesting that other factors may be involved.}, Keywords = {β-thalassemia, Aγ-globin, K562 cells}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-21}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-402-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-402-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Mohammad Taghi and ShidMoosavi, Seyed Mostafa and Dehghani, Gholam Abbas}, title = {Contribution of Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Activity in Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Edema after Acute Ischemia/ Reperfusion in Aortic Coarctation-Induced Hypertensive Rats}, abstract ={Background: Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity is increased during hypertension and cerebral ischemia. NOS inactivation reduces stroke-induced cerebral injuries, but little is known about its role in blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and cerebral edema formation during stroke in acute hypertension. Here, we investigated the role of NOS inhibition in progression of edema formation and BBB disruptions provoked by ischemia/reperfusion injuries in acute hypertensive rats. Methods: Rats were made acutely hypertensive by aortic coarctation. After 7 days, the rats were randomly selected for the recording of carotid artery pressure, or regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using laser Doppler. Ishcemia induced by 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by 12-h reperfusion. A single i.p. dose of L-NAME (1 mg/kg) was injected before MCAO. After evaluation of neurological disabilities, rats were slaughtered under deep anesthesia to assess cerebral infarction volume, edema, or BBB disruption. Results: A 75-85% reduction in rCBF was occurred during MCAO which returned to pre-occluded levels during reperfusion. Profound neurological disabilities were evidenced after MCAO alongside with severe cerebral infarctions (628 ± 98 mm3), considerable edema (4.05 ± 0.52%) and extensive BBB disruptions (Evans blue extravasation, 8.46 ± 2.03 µg/g). L-NAME drastically improved neurological disabilities, diminished cerebral infarction (264 ± 46 mm3), reduced edema (1.49 ± 0.47%) and BBB disruption (2.93 ± 0.66 µg/g). Conclusion: The harmful actions of NOS activity on cerebral microvascular integrity are intensified by ischemia/reperfusion injuries during acute hypertension. NOS inactivation by L-NAME preserved this integrity and diminished cerebral edema.}, Keywords = {Acute hypertension, Ischemia/reperfusion injury, Nitric oxide synthase (NOX), L-NAME, Blood-brain barrier (BBB)}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {22-30}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-403-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-403-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Khalatbary, Ali Reza and Ahmadvand, Hass}, title = {Anti-Inflammatory Effect of the Epigallocatechin Gallate Following Spinal Cord Trauma in Rat}, abstract ={Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) stimulates an inflammatory reaction that causes substantial secondary damage inside the injured spinal tissue. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on traumatized spinal cord. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 rats each as follow: sham-operated group, trauma group, and EGCG-treatment groups (50 mg/kg, i.p., immediately and 1 hour after SCI). Spinal cord samples were taken 24 hours after injury and studied for determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, histopathological assessment and immunohistochemistry of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Results: The results showed that MPO activity was significantly decreased in EGCG-treatment groups. Attenuated TNF-α, IL-1β, Nitrotyrosine, iNOS, COX-2, and PARP expression could be detected in the EGCG treated rats. Also, EGCG attenuated myelin degradation. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we propose that EGCG may be effective in protecting rat spinal cord from secondary damage by modulating the inflammatory reactions.}, Keywords = {Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Spinal cord trauma, Inflammation}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-37}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-404-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-404-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Mohammad Ali and Motlagh, Behrooz}, title = {In vitro Effect of Lead, Silver, Tin, Mercury, Indium and Bismuth on Human Sperm Creatine Kinase Activity: a Presumable Mechanism for Men Infertility}, abstract ={Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of mercury (Hg+2), lead (Pb+2), silver (Ag+2), tin (Sn+2), bismuth (Bi+3) and indium (In+3) ions on sperm creatine kinase. Methods: creatine kinase was isolated from human sperm homogenates after chromatography on a DEAE cellulose column. Results: At 60 µg ml-1 metal concentration, 70% of the creatine kinase activity was inhibited by Hg+2, while at the same concentration, Pb+2, Ag+2, Sn+2, Bi+3 and In+3 caused 68%, 66.5%, 65.7%, 64.7% and 62.7% inhibition, respectively. All six metal ions displayed a competitive type of inhibition mechanism for the isolated creatine kinase as analyzed by Lineweaver-Burk plot. Ki values of Hg+2, Pb+2, Ag+2, Sn+2, Bi+3 and In+3 were calculated and 8.34 mM, 5 mM, 4.54 mM, 3.45 mM, 3.12 mM and 2.63 mM values were obtained, respectively. Conclusion: All the studied metal ions, at levels of 60 µg ml-1, may reduce normal sperm metabolism by inhibition of sperm creatine kinase, which probably is an important cause of infertility in men. However, further investigations, as in vitro and in vivo, are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of heavy metals on male reproductive functioning at the molecular level.}, Keywords = {Sperm, Creatine kinase, Infertility, Heavy metals}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {38-43}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-405-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-405-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mehraein, Fereshteh and Talebi, Reza and Jameie, Behnamedin and Joghataie, Mohammad and Madjd, Zahr}, title = {Neuroprotective Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Dopaminergic Neurons of the Substantia Nigra in Ovariectomized Rats}, abstract ={Background: Melatonin has receptors in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and regulates development of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. This study was undertaken to determine ability of melatonin to protect SNc dopaminergic neuron loss induced by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Female rats were randomized into four groups of seven each: control, ethanol sham, ovariectomy (ovx) and ovx with melatonin (ovx + m). In ovx, ovaries were removed. Ovx + m group was intraperitoneally injected with melatonin for 10 days, while the ethanol sham group received only ethanol. All rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde, midbrains removed, fixed and paraffin embedded, then processed for Nissl and tyrosine hydroxylase staining (IHC). Ten sections of SNc in Nissl and IHC staining were analyzed in each animal, Nissl stained and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive cells were counted in five experimental groups randomly. Data was analyzed using SPSS by ANOVA and t-test. Differences were considered significant for P<0.05. Results: There was less cell number in ovx compared to control and ethanol sham groups significantly (P<0.001). The ovx + m group had more cells than the ovx group in the SNc significantly (P<0.001). Furthermore, there was significant decrease of TH positive cell number in the ovx group compared to control and ethanol sham groups (P<0.05). The number of TH immunoreactive cells was higher in ovx + m compared to the ovx group (P<0.05). Conclusion: These findings can be compared with human and used in clinical application for prevention of DA neuron death of SNc after ovariectomy.}, Keywords = {Exogenous melatonin, Substantia nigra, Dopaminergic neurons (DA), Ovariectomized rat, Morphometric analysis}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {44-50}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-406-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-406-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Nobakht, Maliheh and Hoseini, Seyed Mohammad and Mortazavi, Pejman and Sohrabi, Iraj and Esmailzade, Banafshe and RahbarRooshandel, Nahid and Omidzahir, Shil}, title = {Neuropathological Changes in Brain Cortex and Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease}, abstract ={Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive loss of cognitive abilities and memory loss. The aim of this study was to compare neuropathological changes in hippocampus and brain cortex in a rat model of AD. Methods: Adult male Albino Wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) were used for behavioral and histopathological studies. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control, sham and β-amyloid (Aβ) injection. For behavioral analysis, Y-maze and shuttle box were used, respectively at 14 and 16 days post-lesion. For histological studies, Nissl, modified Bielschowsky and modified Congo red staining were performed. The lesion was induced by injection of 4 µL of Aβ (1-40) into the hippocampal fissure. Results: In the present study, Aβ (1-40) injection into hippocampus could decrease the behavioral indexes and the number of CA1 neurons in hippocampus. Aβ injection CA1 caused Aβ deposition in the hippocampus and less than in cortex. We observed the loss of neurons in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions. Y-maze test and single-trial passive avoidance test showed reduced memory retention in AD group. Conclusion: We found a significant decreased acquisition of passive avoidance and alternation behavior responses in AD group compared to control and sham group (P<0.0001). Compacted amyloid cores were present in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and white matter, whereas, scattered amyloid cores were seen in cortex and hippocampus of AD group. Also, reduced neuronal density was indicated in AD group.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer's disease (AD), Hippocampus, β-amyloid (Aβ), Neuropathological changes}, volume = {15}, Number = {1}, pages = {51-58}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-407-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-407-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Asghar and Zahediasl, Saleh}, title = {Is Nitric Oxide a Hormone?}, abstract ={Nitric oxide (NO) is a simple ubiquitous signaling molecule and plays important roles in almost every biological system. Recent evidences suggest that NO may act as an endocrine molecule. The aim of this review is considering available literature on endocrine roles of NO and/or its metabolites, i.e. nitrite and nitrate. Existing data suggest the idea that NO is a hormone that after production in tissues, it is stabilized and transported as nitrite and/or S-nitrosothiols in the blood to target cells.}, Keywords = {Endocrine, Hormone, Nitric oxide (NO), Nitrate, Nitrite}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {59-65}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-392-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-392-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Alizadeh, Zohreh and Shokrzadeh, Naser and Saidijam, Massoud and FarimaniSanoee, Marzieh}, title = {Semi-Quantitative Analysis of HOXA11, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor and Basic Transcriptional Element Binding Protein 1 mRNA Expression in the Mid-Secretory Endometrium of patients with endometriosis}, abstract ={Background: HOXA11 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and basic transcriptional element binding protein1 (BTEB1) are expressed in endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and show a dramatic increase during the mid-luteal phase at the time of implantation. In this case-control study, the expression pattern of these mRNA was evaluated in patients with endometriosis at the time of implantation. We also describe a semi-quantitative RT-PCR protocol optimized in our laboratory. Methods: Eight patients with endometriosis were considered as our case and 8 fertile women as control group. Expression levels of HOXA11, LIF and BTEB1 mRNA were measured in endometrium during the mid-secretory phase using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: We describe the detailed procedure for the analysis of HOXA11, LIF and BTEB1 mRNA levels. Endometrial HOXA11 and LIF mRNA expression levels (normalized to ß-actin expression) were significantly decreased in endometrium of infertile patients with endometriosis compared with healthy fertile controls at the time of implantation (P<0.05). A similar trend was seen in BTEB1 mRNA expression. Conclusion: The results suggest that the alteration in expression pattern of the some genes could account for some aspects of infertility in endometriosis.}, Keywords = {Endometriosis, Implantation, HOXA11, Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), Basic transcriptional element binding protein1 (BTEB1)}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {66-72}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-393-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Fard-Esfahani, Pezhman and Fard-Esfahani, Armaghan and Fayaz, Shima and Ghanbarzadeh, Bahareh and Saidi, Parinaz and Mohabati, Reyhaneh and Bidoki, Seyed Kazem and Majdi, Mi}, title = {Association of Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln Polymorphisms in X-Ray Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 Gene and Risk of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma in Iran}, abstract ={Background: X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene is a DNA repair gene and its non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) may influence DNA repair capacity which has been considered as a modifying risk factor for cancer development. Methods: A case-control study was conducted to investigate impact of three frequently studied polymorphisms (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) on developing differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Results: Increased risks for DTC were shown in homozygous (odds ratio [OR]: 3.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38-35.60) and in dominant trait (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.64-2.32) of Arg194Trp genotype. Also, for Arg280His genotype, an increased risk for DTC was shown in dominant trait (OR: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76-2.68), while a mildly reduction of risk for DTC (OR: 0.77, 95% [CI]: 0.50-1.17) was estimated in dominant Gln genotype of Arg399Gln. Considering combinatory effects of Arg194Trp and Arg280His genotypes on DTC, the calculated OR and 95% CI for being heterozygous for one of Arg194Trp or Arg280His genotypes were 1.57 and 0.90-2.74, respectively. Conclusion: Genotyping of codons 194, 280 and 399 in XRCC1 gene may use in risk assessment of DTC.}, Keywords = {Endocrine related cancer, DNA repair gene, X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene, Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC)}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {73-78}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-394-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Delirezh, Nowruz and Majedi, Leila and AsriRezaei, Siamak and Ranjkeshzadeh, Hadi}, title = {Generation of Mature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells in the Presence of Heparin and Monocyte Conditioned Medium: Phenotypic and Functional Comparison}, abstract ={Background: Dendritic cells (DC) induce tumor or pathogen-specific T cell responses in humans. Several laboratories have developed culture systems, including maturation factors for human DC from peripheral blood monocytes. We comprehensively compared standard maturation stimulus, an autologous monocyte-conditioned medium (MCM), with heparin for their ability to promote uniformly mature DC that elicit T cell responses. Methods: A short (4-day) priming of plastic adherent monocytes with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 with or without heparin was followed by 48-hour incubation in MCM to generate fully mature and stable DC. Phenotypic and functional analyses were carried out using anti-CD14 and anti-CD83 monoclonal antibodies, and mixed lymphocyte reaction, respectively. Results: We found that fully matured DC with a large amount of cytoplasm and copious dendritic projections were visible at the end of culturing period in the presence of MCM, heparin and MCM plus heparin. Thus, DC generated with these maturation factors are non-adherent and have typical satellite morphology. Flow cytometric analysis using anti-CD14 (monocyte marker) and anti-CD83 (mature DC marker) revealed that expression of CD14 decreased in MCM plus heparin-treated DC, and the expression of CD83 was increased when heparin and MCM used as a maturation factor. Functionally, MCM and MCM plus heparin-treated DC showed stronger mixed leukocyte reaction than heparin alone. Conclusion: These results support the use of the MCM with heparin as maturation factor that could result in functionally mature monocyte-derived DC in comparison to either MCM or heparin alone.}, Keywords = {Dendritic cell (DC), Maturation, Monocyte Conditioned Medium (MCM), Heparin}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {79-84}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-395-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rafati, Ali and HamzehieTaj, Sommaye and Azarpira, Negar and Zarifkar, Assadollah and Noorafshan, Ali and Najafizadeh, Parvaneh}, title = {Chronic Morphine Consumption Increase Allograft Rejection Rate in Rat through Inflammatory Reactions}, abstract ={Background: Although opioids suppressive effects on immune system function have been reported, this study demonstrates inflammatory reactions, such as production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, are the main causes at organ’s allotransplantation rejection in chronic morphine-treated recipients. Methods: 28 rats were categorized in 4groups through intra-peritoneal administrations: control, sham, morphine treated animals (20 mg/kg injected of morphine daily until biopsy day), morphine and naloxane treated animals (20 mg/kg morphine and 2 mg/kg naloxane daily injected until biopsy day), which their donors were normal rats. The grafts were done at the 14th day of the experiment. Plasma interleukins levels (IL-6 and IL-10) in three sampling times were measured by ELISA. With almost 80% of macroscopic rejection signs in rats of one group, full thickness skin biopsy has been taken and histological parameters like perivascular infiltrates, epidermal changes, and stromal changes were detected. The statistical significance differences between the control and experimental groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, followed by ANOVA post hoc test. Results: Accelerated skin allograft rejection by chronic morphine consumption can be resulted of increased IL-6 concentration and decreased IL-10. The enhancing effects of morphine on the graft inflammation were partially antagonized by Naloxane. It can illustrate the complexity of opiates and immune system connections and should be considered during organ transplantation of opiate addicts. Conclusion: Expansion of skin cells in recipient with chronic morphine administration history may be resulted in failure.}, Keywords = {Morphine, Skin allograft, Inflammation, IL-6, IL-10}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {85-91}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-396-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-396-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Karimi, Sara and Karami, Manizheh and Sahraei, Hedayat and Rahimpour, Mahnaz}, title = {Reversal Effect of Intra-Central Amygdala Microinjection of L-Arginine on Place Aversion Induced by Naloxone in Morphine Conditioned Rats}, abstract ={Background: Role of nitric oxide (NO) on expression of morphine conditioning using a solely classic task has been proposed previously. In this work, the involvement of NO on the expression of opioid-induced conditioning in the task paired with an injection of naloxone was investigated. Methods: Conditioning was established in adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedure. Naloxone (0.05-0.4 mg/kg, i.p.), a selective antagonist of mu-opioid receptor, was administered once prior to morphine response testing. NO agents were administered directly into the central amygdala (CeA) prior to naloxone injection pre-testing. Results: Morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, s.c.) produced a significant dose-dependent place preference in experimental animals. When naloxone (0.05-0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) was injected before testing of morphine (5 mg/kg, s.c.) response, the antagonist induced a significant aversion. This response was reversed due to injection of L-arginine (0.3-3 µg/rat), intra-CeA prior to naloxone administration. However, pre-injection of L-NAME (intra-CeA), an inhibitor of NO production, blocked this effect. Conclusion: The finding may reflect that NO in the nucleus participates in morphine plus naloxone interaction.}, Keywords = {Morphine, Naloxone, L-arginine, L-NAME, Place aversion}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {92-99}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-397-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Esrafil and Panahi, Marzieh and Ghaffari, Mohammad Ali and Ghorbani, Ali}, title = {Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Extract on Oxidative Stress Induced by Diabetes in Rat Kidney}, abstract ={Background: This study examined the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on lipid peroxidation content and activity of tissue antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each: control, diabetic and diabetic groups that received 500 mg/kg GSPE for 6 weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). Rats with fasting blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl were used as diabetic animals. The first 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was measured two weeks after diabetes induction and then each week until the end of the experimental period in all groups. Lipid peroxidation content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in kidney homogenate supernatants. Statistical significance of differences was assessed with one-way ANOVA by SPSS followed by Tukey's t-test. P<0.05 was assumed statistically significant. Results: UAE in diabetic nephropathy rats were significantly higher than in control. In addition, an increase in lipid peroxidation content and decrease in catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats were observed. The GSPE administration did not affect on body weight, but significantly decreased lipid peroxidation and augmented the activities of antioxidant enzymes studied in kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats as well as reduced UAE and decreased kidney weight. Conclusion: The results suggested that GSPE could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy rats through reduction of oxidative stress and increase in renal antioxidant enzyme activity.}, Keywords = {Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), Diabetic nephropathy, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzymes}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {100-106}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-398-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-398-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Maryam and Ani, Mohsen and Movahedian, Ahmad and SamsamShariat, Seyed Ziyae Aldi}, title = {Kinetic Investigation of Myeloperoxidase upon Interaction with Copper, Cadmium, and Lead Ions}, abstract ={Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO), which is abundantly expressed in neutrophils, catalyzes the formation of a number of reactive oxidant species. However, evidence has emerged that MPO-derived oxidants contribute to tissue damage and initiation and propagation of inflammatory diseases, particularly, cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, studying the regulatory mechanisms of the enzyme activity is of great importance. For clarifying some possible mechanism of the enzyme activity, kinetic investigations of MPO in the presence of Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) ions were carried out in vitro. Methods: MPO was partially purified from human white blood cells using ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography techniques. Its activity was measured spectrophotometrically by using tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) as substrate. Results: Purified enzyme had a specific activity of 21.7 U/mg protein with a purity index of about 0.71. Cu inhibited MPO activity progressively up to a concentration of 60 mM at which about 80% of inhibition achieved. The inhibition was non-competitive with respect to TMB. An inhibitory constant (Ki) of about 19 mM was calculated from the slope of repot. Cd and Pb did not show any significant inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. Conclusion: The results of the present study may indicate that there are some places on the enzyme and enzyme-substrate complex for Cu ions. Binding of Cu ions to these places result in conformational changes of the enzyme and thus, enzyme inhibition. This inhibitory effect of Cu on the enzyme activity might be considered as a regulatory mechanism on MPO activity.}, Keywords = {Myeloperoxidase, Copper (Cu), Enzyme inhibition, Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb)}, volume = {15}, Number = {3}, pages = {107-112}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-399-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-399-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Abdanipour, Alireza and Tiraihi, Taki and Delshad, AliRez}, title = {Trans-differentiation of the Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells Expressing Neurotrophins by Selegiline}, abstract ={Background: Adult stem cells (ASC) are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body. These cells are promising tools for cell replacement therapy in neurodegenerative disease. Adipose tissue is the most abundant and accessible source of ASC. This study was conducted to evaluate effect of selegiline on differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) into functional neuron-like cells (NLC), and also level of the neurotrophin expression in differentiated cells. Methods: ADSC were transdifferentiated into NLC using selegiline where CD90, CD49d, CD31, CD106 and CD45 were used as markers for ADSC identification. Lipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of ADSC were used to characterize the ADSC. ADSC were treated with selegiline at different concentrations (from 10-6 to 10-11 mM) and time points (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). Percentage of viable cells, nestin and neurofilament 68 (NF-68) immunoreactive cells were used as markers for differentiation. The optimal dose for neurotrophin expressions in differentiating cells was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-PCR. NLC function was evaluated by loading and unloading with FM1-43 dye. Results: ADSC were immunoreactive to CD90 (95.67 ± 2.26), CD49d (71.52 ± 6.64) and CD31 (0.6 ± 0.86), but no immunoreactivity was detected for CD106 and CD45. The results of neural differentiation rative diseases using selegiline to induce ADSC differentiation to neuronal lineage.showed the highest percentage of nestin and NF-68 positive cells at 10-9 mM concentration of selegiline (exposed for 24 h). The differentiated cells expressed synapsin and neurotrophin genes except brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusion: ADSC can be an alternative source in cell-based therapy for neurodegene}, Keywords = {Selegiline, Neurotrophin, Transdifferentiation}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {113-121}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.1011.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-619-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-619-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {AlizadehNili, Hamid and Mozdarani, Hossein and Pellestor, Franck}, title = {Impact of DNA Damage on the Frequency of Sperm Chromosomal Aneuploidy in Normal and Subfertile Men}, abstract ={Background: Various frequencies of sperm aneuploidy are reported in sperms of subfertile patients compared to normal individuals. Moreover, sperm DNA damage is shown to be associated with male infertility. In this study, the rate of DNA damage and frequencies of aneuploidy in sperms of subfertile patients was investigated. Methods: Semen samples were obtained from healthy normal and subfertile (oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and oligoasthenozoospermia) men. The frequency of aneuploidy was assessed using primed in situ labeling (PRINS) analysis with specific primers for chromosomes 18, 21, X, and Y. Sperm DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay. Results: The mean frequencies of disomy for the patients were significantly higher than normal for all chromosomes (P<0.01). The extent of DNA damage in sperms of subfertiles was significantly higher than in normal individuals (P<0.001). The obtained results indicated that higher rate of DNA damages led to higher frequency of chromosomal disomy except for asthenozoospermia samples which exhibited higher rate of DNA damage and lower frequency of chromosomal disomy. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that men with oligozoospermia and oligoasthenozoospermia have an elevated risk for chromosome abnormalities in their sperm, particularly sex chromosomes. DNA damage might be involved in the process of malsegregation of chromosomes.}, Keywords = {Asthenozoospermia, DNA damage, Primed in situ labeling (PRINS), Comet assay}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {122-129}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.990.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-612-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Niknafs, Behrooz}, title = {Induction of Apoptosis and Non-Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line (MCF-7) by Cisplatin and Caffeine}, abstract ={Background: Molecular targeted therapy by different cell death inducers are recently considered in cancer therapy. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of cisplatin and inositol trisphosphate kinase inhibitor (caffeine) on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The pattern of cell death in MCF-7 cells following the exposure to cisplatin and caffeine in individual and combination forms was characterized. Methods: MCF-7cells at late exponential phase were divided into two groups: control and experimental groups. Experimental group was exposed to cisplatin, caffeine and combination of them and control group was treated by vehicle. Forty-eight hours after incubation, floating and attached cells were collected separately. Flowcytometry analysis and electron microscopy were carried out on both attached and floating cells. Results: Two types of apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells were observed in the floating cells as well as in sub G1 cells of both experimental and control groups by electron microscopy. Both early and late stages of apoptosis were characterized and the attached cells remained unaffected. Conclusion: Although two different forms of cell death (apoptosis and non-apoptosis) were appeared in MCF-7 following exposure to cisplatin and caffeine, apoptosis was the major mechanism of cell death. The combination form of anti-cancer drugs with different mechanisms could decrease the dosage of employed anti-cancer drugs.}, Keywords = {Cisplatin, Caffeine, Apoptosis}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {130-133}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.1000.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-613-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Bayati, Samaneh and Yazdanparast, Razieh}, title = {Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Yakuchinone B Derivatives in Reduction of Lipofuscin Formation Using H2O2-Treated Neuroblastoma Cells}, abstract ={Background: The progressive accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins in neurons is an accepted mechanism in aging. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), referred to as oxidative stress, is currently believed to play a pivotal role in this process. Lipofuscin as a histological index of aging results from cross-links between oxidized proteins and lipids. Therefore, to attenuate lipofuscin formation, it would be logical to use exogenous natural or synthetic antioxidants. Yakuchinone B (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-7-phenylhept-1-en-3-one) is a component of Alpinia oxyphylla seeds with established antioxidant activity. Methods: To evaluate the neuroprotective roles of yakuchinone B (JC6) and its structural analogues (JC1-JC5), the free radical scavenging capabilities of yakuchinone B derivatives were studied in terms of cell viability, apoptosis, cells ROS content, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the intracellular lipofuscin content in SK-N-MC cells exposed to H2O2. The level of MDA (malondialdehyde), as an index of lipid peroxidation and acid phosphatase activity were also measured. Results: Our results indicated that derivatives especially JC4, JC5 and JC6 decreased the extent of apoptosis and ROS level, while they increased the activities of SOD and CAT in drug-pretreated cells as compared to H2O2-treated cells. A clear relationship between the structure and antioxidant activities of these compounds was established. In addition, JC4, JC5 and JC6 were capable of down-regulating the formation of MDA and lipofuscin. Conclusion: Our results indicated that free radicals play significant roles in lipofuscin formation and cellular aging which can be attenuated by yakuchinone B derivatives.}, Keywords = {Aging, Lipofuscin, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Yakuchinone B}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {134-142}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.1010.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-618-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-618-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Yadegari, Maryam and Orazizadeh, Mahmoud and Hashemitabar, Mahmoud and Khodadadi, Ali}, title = {Combination Effects of Prednisolone and Interleukin-4 Protect Bovine Nasal Cartilage Explants from Interleukin-1α Induced Degradation}, abstract ={Background: Current treatments for joint diseases are moderately successful, but unfortunately are associated with significant side effects. This study was undertaken to investigate the combination effects of IL-4 and prednisolone on tissue characteristics and production of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) in IL-lα-treated bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) explants. Methods: BNC explants were cultured in DMEM with IL-lα (10 ng/ml), IL-4 (50 ng/ml) and prednisolone (1 or 1,000 nM) at the same time for 28 days. At days 3, 7, 14, 21and 28, the media were collected and replaced with fresh media, and the removed media were stored at -20°C. The alterations of tissue characteristics were assessed by using histology techniques. Western-blot method was used to determine the effects of IL-4 and prednisolone combination on MMP-1 production. The cell viability was evaluated by using lactate dehydrogenase assay test. Results: In the presence of IL-lα alone, most chondrocytes were transformed into fibroblast-like morphology with pyknotic nuclei at day 28. In addition, a clear band of MMP-1 and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation were observed. In combination of IL-4 and prednisolone, chondrocytes preserved their ordinary normal features. MMP-1 band formation was completely inhibited and ECM absolutely showed normal characteristics. IL-4 and prednisolone did not show cytotoxicity effects on BNC explant culture. Conclusion: This combination can strongly preserve cartilage from degradation features and the data possibly suggest that the combination of IL-4 and prednisolone could be a candidate for alternative therapy in joint diseases.}, Keywords = {Chondrocytes, Prednisolone, Interleukin-4 (IL-4), Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1)}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {143-150}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.1009.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-615-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-615-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi-Kalan, Abbas and HabibiRoudkenar, Mehryar and Halabian, Raheleh and BrokiMilan, Peiman and Zarrintan, Armin and MohammadiRoushandeh, Amaneh}, title = {Down-Regulation of Metallothionein 1 and 2 after Exposure to Electromagnetic Field in Mouse Testis}, abstract ={Background: It is proved that testis is sensitive to electromagnetic field (EMF) and its damage results in infertility. Exposure to EMF induces reactive oxygen species production and affects on anti-oxidants defense mechanisms. Metallothionein (MT) is a name for a group of low molecular weight (6-7 kDa), sulfhydryl rich proteins. Expression of MT1 and MT2 genes in testis tissue after EMF exposure was aimed in this study. Methods: Male BALB/c mice (8 weeks old) were exposed to 3 MT EMF for 8 weeks, 4 hours/day. After 8 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the testis tissue was removed. The testis pieces were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed under an optical microscope. Assessment of MT1 and MT2 genes and also protein expression was performed by real-time PCR and Western-blot, respectively. Results: In light microscopic observation, the number of primary spermatocytes was increased significantly in EMF group (P<0.01). In addition, in interstitial space, the number of leydig cells was increased significantly in EMF group (P<0.01) and basement membrane thickness was increased as well. MT1 and MT2 genes were down-regulated significantly in testis tissue of mice exposed to EMF both in mRNA and protein level compared to control. Conclusion: It is clear that MT is mediated in testis development and spermatogenesis. Down-regulation of MT1 and MT2 after EMF in mouse testis might be followed by some consequences that result in infertility.}, Keywords = {Testis, Metallothionein (MT), reactive oxygen species (ROS)}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {151-156}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.926.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-617-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-617-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Rajabzadeh, Ali Akbar and EbrahimzadehBideskan, Ali Reza and Haghir, Hossein and Fazel, Ali Rez}, title = {Morphometrical Study of Polysialylated Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Positive Cells in Rat Pups Hippocampus Following Induction of Seizure during Pregnancy}, abstract ={Background:The polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is expressed in developing brain. Fetal brain damage is caused by different conditions such as seizure and hypoxia. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of maternal seizures on the number of PSA-NCAM positive cells in pup's hippocampus. Methods: Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (a) kindled rats which received PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) during pregnancy from embryonic day 14-19 (E14-E19) every 48 h, (b) kindled rats which did not receive PTZ during pregnancy, (c) non-kindle, pregnant rats which received PTZ injection (40 mg/kg, i.p.) during pregnancy from E14 to E19 every 48 h, and (d) non-kindle, pregnant rats which received injection with an equal volume of normal saline as sham controls. At postnatal day 14 (PD14), rat pups were perfused, and their brain were fixed, embedded and coronal sections stained by immunohistochemistry method. The number of PSA-NCAM positive cells per unit area in the pup's hippocampus was counted. Results: The number of PSA-NCAM positive cells in the CA1, CA3, and DG fields of pup's hippocampus, which was obtained from mothers who experienced PTZ injection during pregnancy, was decreased approximately 2.6 (P = 0.001), 2 (P = 0.001), and 2.1 (P = 0.001) times compared with non-PTZ treated maternal groups, respectively. Conclusions: Our study showed that maternal seizures reduced the number of neurons and also PSA-NCAM positive cells per unit area in the offspring hippocampus that it may cause impairment in hippocampal functions.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), Hippocampus, Seizures}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {157-163}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.998.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-608-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-608-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} } @article{ author = {Khalatbary, Ali Reza and Ahmadvand, Hass}, title = {Effect of Oleuropein on Tissue Myeloperoxidase Activity in Experimental Spinal Cord Trauma}, abstract ={Background: Neutrophil infiltration plays an important role in inflammatory reactions following spinal cord injury (SCI) and these cells cause substantial secondary tissue damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oleuropein (OE) on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as an index of neutrophil infiltration. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups of 7 rats each as follows: sham-operated group, trauma group, and OE treatment groups (20 mg/kg, i.p., immediately and 1 hour after SCI). Spinal cord samples were taken 24 hours after injury and studied for determination of MPO activity. Results: The results showed that MPO activity was significantly decreased in OE-treated rats. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, we propose that OE may be effective in protecting rat spinal cord from secondary damage by modulating of neutrophil infiltration.}, Keywords = {Oleuropein (OE), Neutrophil infiltration, Myeloperoxidase}, volume = {15}, Number = {4}, pages = {164-167}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {10.6091/IBJ.1026.2012}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-614-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2011} }