@article{ author = {Delaviz, Hamdollah and Joghataie, Mohammad Taghi and Mehdizadeh, Mehdi and Bakhtiyari, Mehrdad and Nobakht, Maliheh and Khoei, Samideh}, title = {Transplantation of Olfactory Mucosa Improve Functional Recovery and Axonal Regeneration Following Sciatic Nerve Repair in Rats}, abstract ={Background: Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after being transplanted in rats with spinal cord injury. This study was conducted to determine the possible beneficial results of olfactory mucosa transplantation (OMT) which is a source of OEG on functional recovery and axonal regeneration after transection of the sciatic nerve. Methods: In this study, 36 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The sciatic nerve was transected in 24 rats and immediately repaired by sciatic-sciatic anastomosis, and randomly divided equally into two groups. The experimental group received the OMT at the transected site and the control group received the respiratory mucosa transplant. In another twelve rats as sham-operated animals, the sciatic nerve was exposed but no transection was made. DiI retrograde tracing was injected in the gastrocnemius muscle two months after surgery to allow visualization of the extent of axonal regeneration. Functional recovery was also assessed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after surgery using walking track analysis and sciatic function index (SFI) calculations. Results: The total number of DiI labeled motorneurones in the ventral horn (L4-L6) and the SFI scores were significantly higher in the group of rats that received olfactory mucosa rather than respiratory mucosa. Conclusions: The outcome indicates that olfactory mucosa is a useful treatment to improve nerve regeneration in mammals with peripheral nerve injury.}, Keywords = {Olfactory mucosa transplantation (OMT), Retrograde tracing, Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG), Functional recovery}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {197-202}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Transplantation of Olfactory Mucosa Improve Functional Recovery and Axonal Regeneration Following Sciatic Nerve Repair in Rats}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-40-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Hosseinzadeh, Hossein and Jafari, Mahmoud R. and Shamsara, Jamal}, title = {Selective Inhibitory Effect of Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists on the Proliferation of Human Tumor Cell Lines}, abstract ={Background: In this study, the effects of three structural analogues of adenosine upon proliferation of human tumor cells were investigated. Previous research showed a cytotoxic effect of adenosine via A3 receptor and A1 receptor and sometimes this effect was receptor independent. The researches showed a differential cytotoxic effect of adenosine and its A3 agonists on cancerous cells, while other studies demonstrated tumor promoting effect of adenosine and its A1 agonists. The purpose of the present study was the evaluation of the possible selective anti-tumor effect of A1 receptor agonists on cancerous cells. Methods: The substances of N6-cyclohexyl-adenosine (CHA, A1 agonist), R-isomer of N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA, A1 agonist) and N5-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine (NECA, adenosine A1-A2 non-specific agonist) were tested for their antiproliferative effect using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. Hep G2, Hep2, CACO2, ACHN and L929 cell lines were used in this assay. Results: CHA inhibited cell proliferation in three cell lines (in concentration of 5-50 µM) and R-isomer of R-PIA in one cell line (in concentration of 10-50 µM). These effects were inhibited partially by addition of 1,3-Dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (A1 antagonist). The NECA analogue had no inhibitory effect on the cell proliferations. All of the substances had no cytotoxic effect on L929 cells (mouse connective tissue fibroblast cell line). Conclusion: CHA and R-PIA had inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human tumor cell lines partially via A1 receptor, while they didn't show such effect on fibroblast cells. These results suggest that A1 adenosine receptor agonists have a good potential of specific anti-tumor activity.}, Keywords = {Adenosine, A1 receptor, Cytotoxicity, Anti-tumor effect, N6-cyclohexyl-adenosine (CHA), N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA)}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {203-208}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Selective Inhibitory Effect of Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists on the Proliferation of Human Tumor Cell Lines}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Pasbakhsh, Parichehr and Mehdizadeh, Mehdi and Behzadi, Gil}, title = {Morphology and Synaptic Organization of Non-Dopaminergic Nigral Projections to the Medio Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus of the Rat, a Study by Anterograde Transport of PHA-L}, abstract ={Background: Mediodorsal (MD) thalamic nucleus, which is considered to take place between extra pyramidal and limbic feedback circuit, receives projective fibers from ventrolateral neurons of reticular part of substantia nigra (SNr). In order to better understand the influence and chemical reaction of these fibers upon MD nucleus, the morphology and synaptology of them were examined in the present study. Methods: Phaseolous vulgaris-leucoagglutin (PHA-L) was injected into substantia nigra pars reticulate. After 3-4 days, the sections of SNr injection site and MD nucleus were prepared. Then, we examined organization, morphology and, synaptology of PHA-L labeled SNr fibers that go to caudal and lateral part of MD thalamic nucleus. Results: At the electron microscopic level, the SNr terminals made synapses predominantly with the medium to small dendrites and far less frequently with soma and large dendrites. These terminals were packed with polymorphic synaptic vesicles and formed symmetrical synapses furthermore, it has been already recognized that cortico straital fibers from sensory-motor cortex go to region of the SNr that give rise to the nigrothalamic fibers. Conclusion: This data suggest that upon the synaptic organization, morphology and chemical nature of GABAergic, SNr fibers may have different inhibitory influence on MD neurons regulating the thalamic output from MD to cerebral cortex in the control of limbic and extra pyramidal feedback system.}, Keywords = {Mediodorsal (MD) nucleus, Substantial nigra, Pars reticulate, Synapse}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {209-215}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Morphology and Synaptic Organization of Non-Dopaminergic Nigral Projections to the Medio Dorsal Thalamic Nucleus of the Rat, a Study by Anterograde Transport of PHA-L}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-43-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Pasbakhsh, Parichehr and Omidi, Negar and Mehrannia, Kobra and Sobhani, Ali Gholi and Ragerdi, Iraj and Abbasi, Mehdi and KordValeshabad, Ali}, title = {The Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Locus Coeruleus in Early Model of Parkinson\'s Disease in Rat: Immunoreactivity Evidence}, abstract ={Background: Free radical formation and oxidative stress might play an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In vitro data indicate that neuromelanin (NM) pigment is formed the excess cytosolic catecholamine that is not accumulated into synaptic vesicles via the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). We designed this study to investigate the neuroprotective effects of vitamin E in the early model of PD. Methods: Male rats (n = 40) with unbiased rotational behavior were randomly divided into five groups: sham operated group (SH, n = 8), vehicle-treated SH group (SH + V, n = 8), vitamin E-treated SH group (SH + E, n = 8), vehicle-treated lesion group (L + V, n = 8) and vitamin E-treated lesion group (L + E, n = 8). Unilateral intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (12.5 µl) lesioned rats were treated intramuscularly with α-tocopherol acid succinate (24 I.U/kg, intramuscular [i.m.]) 1 h before surgery and three times per week for 2 month post-surgery. To evaluate the vitamin E pretreatment efficacy, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity and immunostaining intensity (ISI) for monoamine transporter 2 were used. Results: THimmunohistochemical analyses showed a reduction of 20% in locus coeruleus (LC) cell number of vitamin E pretreated lesioned group but the cell number dropped to 60% in the lesioned group. The ISI of the cells was measured for VMAT2 in LC. Lesioned groups: 1) had the lowest VMAT2 ISI of all neurons 2) There was an inverse relationship between VMAT2 ISI and NM pigment in the locus and 3) Neurons with the highest VMAT2 ISI also had high TH ISI. Conclusion: The data support the hypothesis that repeated i.m. administration of vitamin E exerts a protective effect on the LC neurons in the early model of PD.}, Keywords = {Vitamin E, Parkinson's disease (PD), Neuromelanin (NM), Immunoreactivity}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {217-222}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Protective Effect of Vitamin E on Locus Coeruleus in Early Model of Parkinson\'s Disease in Rat: Immunoreactivity Evidence}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-44-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Talebi, Malihe and Pourshafie, Mohammad R. and Oskouii, Mahvash and Eshraghi, Seyyed Saee}, title = {Molecular Analysis of vanHAX Element in Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Tehran}, abstract ={Background: Vancomycin (glycopeptide)-resistant enterococci (VRE or GRE) can cause serious problems for hospitalized patients due to the limited options for treatment of VRE infections. As infection with VRE increases in hospitals, further knowledge about vancomycin resistant genes is needed. Methods: Isolates of Enterococcus spp. were collected from hospitalized patients in Tehran (Iran) during 2006. Detailed molecular analysis was performed for vancomycin resistance genotype and vanHAX using conventional PCR and PCRRFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), respectively. Results: out of 830 enterococci spp., 48 VRE isolates (5.8%) were obtained. All of VRE isolates carried vanA gene. DdeI digestion of vanHAX element showed the presence of point mutation at 8234 position. Conclusion: This study indicates that vanA is a predominant genotype in Iranian isolates. In addition, PCR-RFLP analysis revealed the presence of two types of vanHAX element in vanA harboring transposons.}, Keywords = {Enterococci, vanHAX, Patients, Tehran}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {223-228}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Molecular Analysis of vanHAX Element in Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Tehran}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-41-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Zare, Mansour and Shams-Ghahfarokhi, Masoomeh and Ranjbar-Bahadori, Shahrokh and Allameh, Abdolamir and Razzaghi-Abyaneh, Mehdi}, title = {Comparative Study of the Major Iranian Cereal Cultivars and some Selected Spices in relation to Support Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Production}, abstract ={Background: Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites enable to contaminate a wide range of natural substrates. This contamination can be host-specific for different plant species. In this study, the ability of a toxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus to produce various aflatoxins on major Iranian cereals was evaluated with special focus on plant susceptibility to toxin production at cultivar level. Methods: Aspergillus parasiticus cultured on major Iranian cereal cultivars and some selected spices was incubated in shaking condition at 28ºC for 6 days. The concentration of aflatoxins B1 and total (B1, B2, G1 and G2) was measured by thin layer chromatography. Results: The amounts of aflatoxin B1 produced on maize, wheat and rice cultivars were in the ranges of 1.0-33.9, 41.9-193.7, and 39.1-82.3 µg/g fungal weight, respectively. Interestingly, genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis rice (GM rice) of Tarom Molaii cultivar examined for the first time in this study showed less susceptibility to aflatoxin production in comparison with its normal counterpart (P<0.05). The mean of aflatoxin production on maize cultivars was less than both wheat and rice cultivars that indicates considerable resistance of maize to aflatoxin compared with two other cereals. Unlike to Cuminum cyminum, both Helianthus annuus and Carum carvi seeds were highly resistant to aflatoxin production. Conclusion: These results indicate that inter- and intra-species differences exist in susceptibility of the major Iranian cereals as well as spices tested to A. parasiticus growth and aflatoxin production. Further studies are recommended to determine resistance markers of selected cultivars of Iranian cereals.}, Keywords = {Aspergillus parasiticus, Aflatoxin (AF), Cereals, Spices, Genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis rice (BT) (GM rice), Iran}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {229-236}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Comparative Study of the Major Iranian Cereal Cultivars and some Selected Spices in relation to Support Aspergillus parasiticus Growth and Aflatoxin Production}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-46-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Malakouti, Seyed Mansour and KouroshArami, Masoomeh and Sarihi, Abdorahman and Hajizadeh, Sohrab and Behzadi, Gila and Shahidi, Siamak and Komaki, Alireza and Heshmatian, Behnam and Vahabian, Mehrangiz}, title = {Reversible Inactivation and Excitation of Nucleus Raphe Magnus Can Modulate Tail Blood Flow of Male Wistar Rats in Response to Hypothermia}, abstract ={Background: The nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) is involved in thermoregulatory processing. There is a correlation between changes in the firing rates of the cells in the NRM and the application of the peripheral thermal stimulus. Introduction: we examined the effect of reversible inactivation and excitation of NRM on mechanisms involved in tail blood flow (TBF) regulation in hypothermia. Methods: Hypothermia was induced in Male Wistar rats and cannula was implanted above the NRM. To evaluate the effect of nucleus inactivation on TBF, the amount of TBF was measured by Laser Doppler in hypothermic rats, before and after lidocaine microinjection into NRM. TBF was also measured after glutamate microinjection to assess the effect of nucleus excitation in hypothermic rats. Results: Results indicated that after dropping TBF by hypothermia, microinjection of lidocaine into NRM significantly decreased TBF from 54.43 ± 5.7 to 46.81 ± 3.4, whereas glutamate microinjection caused a significant increase from 44.194 ± 0.6 to 98 ± 10.0. Conclusion: These data suggest that NRM have thermoregulatory effect in response to hypothermia.}, Keywords = {Nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), Lidocaine, Glutamate, Hypothermia}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {237-240}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Reversible Inactivation and Excitation of Nucleus Raphe Magnus Can Modulate Tail Blood Flow of Male Wistar Rats in Response to Hypothermia}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-42-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Habibey, Rouhollah and Ajami, Marjan and Hesami, Ali and Pazoki-Toroudi, Hamidrez}, title = {The Mechanism of Preventive Effect of Captopril on Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury is Independent of ATP Dependent Potassium Channels}, abstract ={Background: Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury has been a major source of concern during the past decades and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been successfully used to prevent this injury. There have been some controversial reports about the involvement of KATP channels in the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors. In this study, we examined the effect of KATP channel blocker (Glibenclamide) on preventive effect of captopril on renal IR injury. Methods: Male sprauge-dawley rats were pretreated with glibenclamide (1, 5 and 25 mg/kg) and/or captopril (5 mg/kg). They were anesthetized using ketamine (50 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg). The left flank was incised and the left renal artery was clamped for 30 minutes. After that, the kidney was reperfused for 2 hours and then the animal was killed. The Right and left kidneys were removed and evaluated for microscopic damage. Results: Captopril reduced renal IR injury while glibenclamide by itself caused no change. Glibenclamide did not change the preventive effect of captopril. Conclusion: It seems that the preventive effect of captopril is not directly mediated by KATP channels and further attention should be paid to other receptor-mediated angiotensin II effects.}, Keywords = {Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II, Captopril, Glibenclamide, KATP channels}, volume = {12}, Number = {4}, pages = {241-245}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Mechanism of Preventive Effect of Captopril on Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury is Independent of ATP Dependent Potassium Channels}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-45-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Zaminy, Arash and RagerdiKashani, Iraj and Barbarestani, Mohammad and Hedayatpour, Azim and Mahmoudi, Reza and FarzanehNejad, Ahmadrez}, title = {Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue in Comparison with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Melatonin As a Differentiation Factor}, abstract ={Background: Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) could be an appealing alternative to bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) for engineering cell-based osteoinductive grafts. Meanwhile, prior studies have demonstrated that melatonin can stimulate osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, we assayed and compared the melatonin effect on osteogenic differentiation of BMSC with that of ADSC. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated from the bone marrow and fat of adult rats. Both cell types were cultured in osteogenic medium in the absence and presence of melatonin at physiological concentrations (20-200 pg/ml). After 4 weeks, the expression of osteocalcin gene was analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assayed and alizarin red S and von Kossa staining were done. Cell viability and apoptosis were also assayed by 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a tetrazole (MTT) and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: The osteoblastic differentiation of ADSC as demonstrated by ALP activity was less than that of BMSC. The amount of matrix mineralization has shown by alizarin red S and von Kossa staining also showed statistical differences between the two MSC. The incidence of apoptotic cells was higher among ADSC than BMSC. The flow cytometry proves that cell growth reduction is due to a decrease in the number of the cells entering the S phase of the cell cycle. MTT assay indicated that viable cells were fewer among ADSC than BMSC in control groups. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that BMSC have greater osteogenic potential than ADSC and that melatonin promotes osteogenic differentiation to BMSC, but has a negative effect on ADSC osteogenic differentiation.}, Keywords = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), Bone marrow, Adipose tissue, Osteogenic, Melatonin}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {133-141}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue in Comparison with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Melatonin As a Differentiation Factor}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-91-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Heidari, Zahra and Harati, Mehdi and Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb, Hamid Reza and Moudi, Bit}, title = {Beta Cell Protective Effects of Sodium Tungstate in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Glycemic Control, Blockage of Oxidative Stress and Beta Cell Histochemistry}, abstract ={Background: Diabetes is a major public health problem. The development of new therapies that are able to improve glycemia management and even to cure diabetes is of great interest. In this study, protective effects of sodium tungstate against STZ-induced beta-cell damages were investigated. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into six groups: control, diabetic, sodium tungstate treated diabetic rats from one week before STZ injection (TDB), food-restricted diabetic (FRD), tungstate treated control, sodium tungstate treated diabetic rats from one week after STZ administration (TDA). We evaluated serum insulin, glucose and glucose tolerance liver glycogen content, glucokinase (GK) activity blood and pancreas antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation and fuchsin-aldehyde histochemical staining of beta-cells. Results: Blood glucose levels of TDB group were lower than other diabetic groups (P<0.01). Blood insulin levels of all diabetic groups were lower than controls (P<0.01). Glucose intolerance improved in TDB animals. Blood and pancreas antioxidant power, liver glycogen contents and GK activities and granulated beta cells increased in TDB rats in comparison with other diabetic groups (P<0.01). Likewise, lipid peroxidation decreased significantly in TDB rats (P<0.01). Conclusions: Results suggested that sodium tungstate if administrated before STZ injection improves glycemic state by a direct effect on pancreatic beta-cells and preserves them by reducing the activity of these cells at the time of STZ injection, reducing STZ-induced oxidative stress, reducing insulin secretion, or all of the above mentioned.}, Keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Sodium tungstate, Beta cells}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {143-152}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Beta Cell Protective Effects of Sodium Tungstate in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Glycemic Control, Blockage of Oxidative Stress and Beta Cell Histochemistry}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-83-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Orazizadeh, Mahmoud and Salter, Donald M.}, title = {CD147 (Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer-EMMPRIN) Expression by Human Articular Chondrocytes}, abstract ={Background: Integrins are a family of transmembrane proteins that allow communication between the extracellular matrix and the interior of cells. Chondrocytes, cells of articular cartilage, express integrins and these molecules appear to have a variety of roles including mechanotransduction. Integrins are known to associate with a number of accessory molecules such as CD147 that may act to regulate their activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of CD147 in normal and osteoarthritis human articular cartilage and identify potential roles in mechanical signalling. Methods: Expression of CD147 in normal and osteoarthritis human articular cartilage was examined by the immunostaining and Western-blotting techniques. Potential roles in mechanotransduction were studied by assessing effects of function blocking antibodies on the electrophysiological response to mechanical stimulation. Results: CD147 was extensively expressed by chondrocytes in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage and shown by Western-blotting to have a molecular weight in the region of 35-50 kDa. Function blocking antibodies had no effect on the membrane depolarisation response of chondrocytes from osteoarthritic cartilage to mechanical stimulation. Conclusion: Human articular chondrocytes show extensive expression of CD147 in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Roles for this molecule in regulation of chondrocyte function remain to be defined.}, Keywords = {Chondrocyte, Articular cartilage, Osteoarthritis, Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN)/CD147, Integrin}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {153-158}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {CD147 (Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer-EMMPRIN) Expression by Human Articular Chondrocytes}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-85-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Bakhshi, Bita and Pourshafie, Mohammad Reza and Navabakbar, Farahtaj and Tavakoli, Akbar and Shahcheraghi, Fereshteh and Salehi, Mansoor and Faradjzadegan, Ziba and Zahraei, Seyed Mohse}, title = {Comparison of Distribution of Virulence Determinants in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholera}, abstract ={Background: The virulence of a pathogenic Vibrio cholerae is dependent on a discrete set of genetic determinants. In this study, we determined the distribution of virulence determinants among the clinical and environmental isolates of V. cholerae. Methods: The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined using standard disk diffusion assay. PCR assay was performed to analyze the presence of toxin genes of ctx, zot and ace. The composition of cholera toxin encoding element (CTX) region flanking of the V. cholerae isolates was also analyzed. Results: All of the clinical isolates (100%) showed a complete set of virulence genes and also the attachment site of the filamentous bacteriophage CTXf. None of the environmental isolates contained the virulence genes and the attachment site of the CTXf. Analysis of the flanking regions including the toxin-linked cryptic element and repeat in toxin genes revealed their integrity in the clinical isolates while in the environmental isolates they were absent or contained incomplete sequences. Comparison of the antibiotic resistance assay of the environmental and clinical isolates showed a significant difference in the resistance profiles of the isolates obtained from the two sites. High rates of resistance to co-trimoxosol, streptomycin and chloramphenicol were found with clinical isolates. Conclusion: The absence of all virulence determinants in the environmental strains may suggest that certain ecological features must be present for V. cholerae to acquire a complete set of virulence determinants and to turn them into pathogenic strains.}, Keywords = {Vibrio cholerae, Virulence determinants, Environment}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {159-165}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Comparison of Distribution of Virulence Determinants in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholera}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-90-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Eslimi, Delaram and Sepehri, Houri and Rassouli, Yasaman and Khoei, Samideh and Goliaei, Bahram}, title = {Pectic Acid Effects on Prolactin Secretion in GH3/B6 Rat Pituitary Cell Line}, abstract ={Background: Pectic acid extracted from plants increases the secretion of prolactin (PRL) when injected intravenously into ewes or fed to rats. Fragments of ewe hypophysis and lactating rabbit mammary gland incubated in vitro in the presence of pectic acid secreted more PRL and caseins compared to the controls. However, it is not known whether pectic acid directly stimulates PRL secretion in pituitary or interference of factors from hypophysis is required for this process. Methods: GH3/B6 cells, a clonal strain of rat pituitary, were cultured and incubated with pectic acid (2.5-100 mg/mL). The integrity of cells was examined under pectic acid treatment microscopically. Controls or pectic acid treated cells were assayed for their ability to produce PRL. The PRL was assayed by Western-blotting and Radioimmunoassay. Results: pectic acid did not have any significant effect on the viability of cells. After being incubated with pectic acid, the cells started to become circular and protuberant shape. The maximum stimulation and PRL secretion occurred at 100 mg/mL concentration within 30 min of incubation with pectic acid. Conclusion: pectic acid could stimulate the release of PRL in GH3/B6 cells in the short-term incubation. This result suggested that pectic acid is a non-toxic agent that could directly stimulate PRL secretion in pituitary cells without any interference of hypophysis.}, Keywords = {Pectic acid, Prolactin, Pituitary, GH3/B6 cells}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {167-172}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Pectic Acid Effects on Prolactin Secretion in GH3/B6 Rat Pituitary Cell Line}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-81-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Moallem, Seyed Adel and Hosseinzadeh, Hossein and Farahi, Sepideh}, title = {A Study of Acute and Chronic Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Thiamine in Mice}, abstract ={Background: Thiamine (VitB1) is a vitamin with various important physiological functions and postulated therapeutic effects.  Its use as an analgesic in neuropathic pain has been undergoing in clinical settings. However, there has been little experimental investigation on this effect. In this study, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of thiamine were investigated in mice. Methods: Three doses of thiamine (50, 100 and 125 mg/kg) were used by intraperitoneal injection in this study. Acute and chronic anti-nociceptive effects were examined using hot plate test alone and after sciatic nerve ligation, respectively. Imipramine (40 mg/kg) was used as positive control. Anti-inflammatory effects of thiamine on acute and chronic inflammation were assessed using xylene-induced edema in ears and granuloma caused by compressed cotton implantation, respectively. Sodium diclofenac (15 mg/kg) was used as positive control. Open field test was performed to differentiate the mice responses in the acute anti-nociceptive tests. Results: All three doses of thiamine showed significant analgesic effects in non-ligated mice and also in neuropathic pain in ligated animals. Increasing the dose of thiamine correlated with a more pronounced and sustained effect. Acute anti-inflammatory investigation showed that thiamine injected 30 or 60 minutes before xylene application reduced the weight of edematic ears. However, the effect of thiamine was less pronounced than diclofenac. Furthermore, when injected once daily for 7 days, all doses of thiamine significantly reduced the weight of the cotton disks, showing suppression of granuloma formation. Conclusion: Taken together, it has been shown that thiamine possesses remarkable analgesic activities and also has significant anti-inflammatory effects, confirming its clinical use in controlling pain and less in inflammation.}, Keywords = {Thiamine, Anti-nociceptive, Anti-inflammation}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {173-178}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {A Study of Acute and Chronic Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Thiamine in Mice}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-84-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {HaghjooyJavanmard, Shaghayegh and Nematbakhsh, Mehdi and Monajemi, Alirez}, title = {L-Arginine Supplementation Influenced Nitrite but Not Nitrate and Total Nitrite in Rabbit Model of Hypercholesterolemia}, abstract ={Background: The assessment of altered nitric oxide (NO) availability is of potentially important diagnostic and prognostic significance. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of L-arginine (as a natural NO donor) supplementation on NO metabolite in a rabbit model of hypercholesterolemia to find a reliable marker for endothelial NO production. Methods: White male rabbits (n = 30) randomly assigned to 2 groups. Rabbits were fed 1% high-cholesterol diet (HC group, n = 15), or HC diet with oral L-arginine (3% in drinking water) (HC + L-arginine group, n = 15) for 4 weeks. The serum levels of lipids, L-arginine, total NO metabolites (NOx), nitrite and nitrate were measured before and after the study. Results: In this study, L-arginine supplementation led to a significant increased plasma level of L-arginine. The serum level of nitrite was significantly higher in L-arginine treated group while serum level of nitrate and NOx was significantly lower than HC group. Conclusion: As the result of our study showed, nitrite is a useful marker of endogenous endothelial NO production and although frequently used, neither nitrate nor NOx are reliable markers of acute changes in endothelial NO synthase activity.}, Keywords = {Nitric oxide (NO), L-arginine, Nitrite, Nitrate, Total nitrite}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {179-184}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {L-Arginine Supplementation Influenced Nitrite but Not Nitrate and Total Nitrite in Rabbit Model of Hypercholesterolemia}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-82-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Saifi, Mahnaz and Pourshafie, Mohammad Reza and Eshraghian, Mohammad Reza and SoltanDallal, Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {Anti-Microbial Resistance of Enterococci Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Iran}, abstract ={Background: During the last decade, enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens, representing the second leading cause of urinary tract infections. This increasing prevalence has been paralleled by the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and high-level gentamicin resistant (HLGR) strains. Methods: From September 2005 to 2006, a total of 638 enterococcal isolates were collected from urine samples among 9 medical centers in Tehran (Iran). Confirmation of species and detection of gentamicin resistance genes were done by PCR method. Anti-microbial susceptibility test was determined with disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration of gentamicin among HLGR isolates assayed by microdilution methods. Results: The isolates were found to consist of Enterococcus faecalis (77.8%) and Enterococcus faecium (22.2%). The results obtained from PCR showed a high rate of agreement with phenotypic assays for both species. MDR to most prevalent anti-microbials was present in 29% and 72% of the E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates, respectively. HLGR phenotype was detected in 64% of E. faecalis and 92% of E. faecium isolates. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia gene were identified in 83% of E. faecalis and 100% of E. faecium HLGR isolates. E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates differed in their susceptibilities to different antibiotics. Conclusion: Emergence of multi-resistant enterococci and high level resistance to gentamicin shown by enterococcal strains is of concern because of the decrease in the therapeutic options for treatment of infections caused by enterococci.}, Keywords = {Anti-microbial resistance, Enterococci, Urinary tract infection (UTI)}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {185-190}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Anti-Microbial Resistance of Enterococci Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections in Iran}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-92-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Patel, Kalpana G. and Bhalodia, Payal N. and Patel, Ankita D. and Patel, Kirti V. and Gandhi, Tejal R.}, title = {Evaluation of Bronchodilator and Anti-Anaphylactic Activity of Myrica sapida}, abstract ={Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. The available treatment options have major limitations owing to low efficacy, associated adverse events and compliance issues. Therefore, the health burden of bronchial asthma is increasing globally at an alarming rate, providing a strong impetus for the development of new therapeutics. Myrica sapida is known traditionally in Ayurveda to possess anti-asthmatic activity. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the bronchodilator and anti-anaphylactic activity of the stem bark of Myrica sapida. Methods: Experimental models studied were acetylcholine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs, egg albumin induced anaphylaxis in guinea pigs, in vitro studies on tracheal strip of egg albumin sensitized guinea pigs. Results: Treatment with ethanolic extract of M. sapida, 75 mg/kg, orally resulted in significant protection against acetylcholine aerosol induced bronchospasm and allergen induced anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Ethanolic extract of M. sapida (75 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented the potentiation of responses and also produced a decrease in pD2 value of histamine and acetylcholine in guinea pig tracheal strip. Conclusion: These results suggest that M. sapida possesses bronchodilator activity, has potent inhibitory effect on immediate hyper-sensitivity reactions and decreases bronchial hyper-responsiveness.}, Keywords = {Anti-asthmatic activity, Myrica sapida, Bronchial hyper-responsiveness, Potentiation}, volume = {12}, Number = {3}, pages = {191-196}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Evaluation of Bronchodilator and Anti-Anaphylactic Activity of Myrica sapida}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Fotouhi, Fatemeh and Soleimanjahi, Hoorieh and Roostaee, Mohammad Hasan and DalimiAsl, Abdolhossei}, title = {Expression of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Glycoprotein D in Baculovirus Expression System and Evaluation of Its Immunogenicity in Guinea Pigs}, abstract ={Background: Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is highly prevalent and major cause of genital herpes in humans. The life-long nature of infection and the increasing prevalence of genital herpes imply that vaccination is the best strategy for controlling the spread of infection and limiting HSV disease. HSV glycoprotein D (gD) is one of the most important viral immunogen which has an essential role in virus infectivity and induction of immune responses. Methods: HSV-2 DNA was extracted and used as template in polymerase chain reactions to amplify gD2 gene. The PCR product was confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis, cloned into a cloning vector and then sequenced. The Bac-to-Bac expression system was used to express HSV-2 gD in insect cells. The expressed protein was used as subunit vaccine to immunize guinea pigs after confirmation. Results: The expressed protein was confirmed with SDS-PAGE and Western-blot analysis. In Western-blot analysis, two major protein bands, with approximate molecular weights of 52-55 and 41-43 kDa corresponding to the glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of gD2 protein, were observed, respectively. Immunization with the recombinant gD2 could elicit humoral responses in guinea pigs as measured by neutralization test and ELISA, and offered high protection against induced HSV-2 genital disease. Conclusion: The baculovirus expression of heterologous genes permits proper folding, post-translational modification and oligomerization in manners that are often identical to those that occur in mammalian cells. Expression of proteins under the control of the strong polyhedrin promoter, allowing high level protein production, can be used as subunit vaccine.}, Keywords = {Baculovirus, Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Insect cells, Protein expression, Subunit vaccine}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {59-66}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Expression of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Glycoprotein D in Baculovirus Expression System and Evaluation of Its Immunogenicity in Guinea Pigs}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-102-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Raheb, Jamshid and Naghdi, Shamim and Flint, Ken P.}, title = {The Effect of Starvation Stress on the Protein Profiles in Flexibacter chinensis}, abstract ={Background: Analysis of many proteins produced during the transition into the stationary phase and under stress conditions (including starvation stress) demonstrated that a number of novel proteins were induced in common to each stress and could be the reason for cross-protection in bacterial cells. It is necessary to investigate the synthesis of these proteins during different stress conditions. Methods: The changes in protein profile of Flexibacter chinensis at various stages of the starvation process and the other stresses were investigated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis which has proven to be a powerful tool for investigation of the changes in protein profiles under such conditions. Results: Most starvation proteins were synthesized during the early stationary phase and many of these proteins remained during long-term starvation. Some of these proteins were transiently synthesized. The sequencing result of one of the proteins showed that there was a 62.5% identity in 8 amino acids overlapped with the 5’ residue of a 10 kDa chaperon protein which is known to be involved in the starvation stress response in other organisms. Conclusion: There are many proteins synthesized in common with many stresses in Flexibacter chinensis. Some of these proteins must play a major role in the stability of the cell under different stresses.}, Keywords = {Flexibacter chinensis, Starvation stress, Protein profile}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {67-75}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Effect of Starvation Stress on the Protein Profiles in Flexibacter chinensis}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Mansouri, Seyed Mohammad-Taghi and Shafiee-Nick, Reza and Parsaee, Heydar and Seyedi, Seyed Mohammad and Saberi, Mohammad-Reza and Sadeghian, Hami}, title = {Inotropic and Chronotropic Effects of 6-Hydroxy-4- Methylquinolin-2(1H)-One Derivatives in Isolated Rat Atria}, abstract ={Background: Selective phosphodiesterase (PDE3) inhibitors improve cardiac contractility and may use in congestive heart failure. However, their proarrhythmic potential is the most important side effect. Methods: In this research, we evaluated the potential cardiotonic activity of six new synthesized selective PDE3 inhibitors (6-hydroxy-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives) using the spontaneously beating atria model. In each experiment, atrium of reserpine-treated rat was isolated and the contractile and chronotropic effects of a synthesized compound were assessed. The 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, a non-selective PDE inhibitor, was used for comparison. Results: The results showed that, among new compounds, the best pharmacological profile was obtained with the compound 6-[4-(4-methylpiperazine-1-yl)-4-oxobutoxy]-4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one, C6, which displayed selectivity for increasing the force of contraction (168 ± 5% change over the control) rather than the frequency rate (138 ± 5% change over the control) at 300 μM. However, C6 at concentrations of 10 and 100 μM produced left and upward shift in the positive inotropic concentration-response curve of isoprenaline. The -log EC50 of isoprenaline was 8.843 ± 0.171 in the absence, 9.448 ± 0.138 and 9.456 ± 0.107 in the presence of 10, 100 μM of C6, respectively (P<0.001, n = 6). Also, amrinone, a selective PDE3 inhibitor, shifted the isoprenaline concentration-response curve to the left and upward. The concentration of 10 and 100 μM amrinone decreased -log EC50 of isoprenaline to 9.527 ± 0.287 and 9.423 ± 0.243, respectively (P<0.001, n = 6). Moreover, the positive chronotropic effect of isoprenaline was not affected by amrinone or C6. Conclusion: This study provides functional evidence for the positive inotropic effect of C6. Considering the augmentation of isoprenaline positive inotropic concentration-response with C6 and amrinone, we conclude that C6 produces its effect via potentiation of cAMP-dependent signaling system and possibly by inhibition of PDE3 activity.}, Keywords = {Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 4-methylquinolinone derivatives, Inotropic activity, Rat atria, Isoprenaline}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {77-84}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Inotropic and Chronotropic Effects of 6-Hydroxy-4- Methylquinolin-2(1H)-One Derivatives in Isolated Rat Atria}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-101-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Javed, Aisha and Jamil, Amer and Rezaei-Zarchi, Saeed and Kalantar, Seyed Mehdi and Anvari, Morteza and Nazem, Habib}, title = {An in vitro Comparative Study of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Activin A Effects on the Maturation of Preantral Follicle-Enclosed Oocytes from Immature Syrian Mice}, abstract ={Objectives: It was aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and activin A on the growth and maturation of preantral mouse follicles during the in vitro culture. Methods: Preantral follicles (90-100 µm in diameter) were harvested from 6-8 week-old Syrian mice and cultured in TCM199 culture medium for 6 days to see the effect of FSH and Activin A. Activin A concentrations in the range of 10-200 ng/ml were used, while 10, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mIU/ml FSH were used in the experiment. Results: Activin A concentration of 100 ng/ml resulted in a significant increase in follicle diameter (170 µm) with the survival rate of 73% as compared to the control (100 µm and 25%, P<0.05). The number of oocytes matured and the percentage of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) was 61 and 70%, respectively as compared to the control (20 and 29%, P<0.05). Follicle diameter (190 µm) and survival rate (85%) increased significantly in the presence of 100 mIU/ml of FSH as compared to the control (P<0.05). But, the administration of activin A+FSH increased the effect of both factors on follicular diameter (205 µm as compared to 100 µm in control, P<0.01). Follicle survival, oocyte maturation and GVBD rates were 91, 81 and 89%, respectively (P<0.01). Conclusion: These results have suggested that exposure to FSH and activin A before the formation of antral cavity had positive effect on follicle survival and oocyte robustness.}, Keywords = {Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Oocyte maturation, Follicle, Activin A, Germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD)}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {85-92}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {An in vitro Comparative Study of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Activin A Effects on the Maturation of Preantral Follicle-Enclosed Oocytes from Immature Syrian Mice}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-93-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Naghizadeh, Bahare and Boroushaki, Mohammad Taher and VahdatiMashhadian, Nasser and Mansouri, Seyed Mohammad Taghi}, title = {Protective Effects of Crocin against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure and Oxidative Stress in Rats}, abstract ={Background. The major side effect of cisplatin, used in some tumours, is nephrotoxicity. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage are the most important factors in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of crocin against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure and oxidative stress in rat. Methods. In this study, animals were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 each). Group one received normal saline (2 ml/day, i.p.). Group two received a single dose of cisplatin (5mg/kg, i.p.). Groups 3 to 5 received crocin (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p., respectively, for 4 consecutive days one hour before a single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) only at the first day. Blood samples were taken out (on the fifth day) for measuring the level of urea and creatinine. The kidneys were removed for histopathological and biochemical examinations. Furthermore, 24-hour urinary factors were measured. Results. Blood urea, creatinine and urinary glucose and protein concentrations in crocin-treated groups were significantly lower than those of cisplatin-treated group in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological studies showed a massive damage in S3 segment of proximal tubules in cisplatin-treated group. No damage was observed in crocin-treated groups. Crocin treatment resulted in a significant and dose-dependent reduction in malondialdehyde concentration as compared to the cisplatin-treated group. Moreover, crocin produced a significant elevation in total thiol and glutathione peroxidase concentrations, as compared with cisplatin-treated group. Conclusion. The results of the present study suggest that crocin has a protective effect against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure and relative oxidative stress.}, Keywords = {Acute renal failure, Oxidative stress, Cisplatin, Crocin, Renal protection}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {93-100}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Protective Effects of Crocin against Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure and Oxidative Stress in Rats}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-97-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Majd, Shohreh and Zarifkar, Asadollah and Rastegar, Karim and Takhshid, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Culturing Adult Rat Hippocampal Neurons with Long-Interval Changing Media}, abstract ={Background: Primary cultures of embryonic neurons have been used to introduce a model of neurons in physiological and pathological conditions. However, age-related cellular events limit this method as an optimal model in adult neurodegenerative diseases studies. Besides, short-interval changing media in previous cultures decreases the effectiveness of this model. As an example of this matter, we can refer to the study on some special neuronal secreted factors or the influence of some experimental materials on neurons. Meanwhile, short-interval changing media could remove the effects of some released factors from the environment. In this study, the method for isolation and culturing adult rat hippocampal neurons with long-intervals medium changing has been described. Methods: The hippocampal neurons of adult male rats were cultured. We used Neurobasal A/B27 culture medium, papain (2 mg/ml), trypsin 0.25% and collagenase (1 mg/ml) for neuronal isolation, OptiPrep density gradient for separation of neurons from other cell types and also debris and FGF2 (10 ng/ml) for increasing neuronal survival and regeneration. Results: The neuronal sprouting and viability were increased by using papain and mild triturating (P<0.05). Adult neuronal culturing and their regeneration were impossible without FGF2. It was shown that adding new fresh medium every 4 days and exchanging half of it every 8 days had no detrimental effect on neuronal viability. Conclusion: This investigation shows the possibility of culturing adult neuronal cells and their maintaining in long-interval media. It could be happened because of adult neurons rely significantly on the neighboring cells secreted factors for living and making synaptic connections. This model is very useful in physiological and pathological studies which need stable conditions of neuronal culture in a long period of time.}, Keywords = {Adult neuron culture, Long-interval, Regeneration, Media changing, Hippocampal neurons}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-107}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Culturing Adult Rat Hippocampal Neurons with Long-Interval Changing Media}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-95-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {KhorramKhorshid, Hamid Reza and Dalgleish, Raymo}, title = {The Comparison of the Effectiveness of a Modified Conformation Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis with Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography}, abstract ={Background: Several methods have been developed for detection of sequence variation in genes and each has its advantages and disadvantages. A disadvantage of them is that the simpler, cost-effective methods are commonly perceived as being less sensitive in their detection of sequence variation, whereas those with proven sensitivity have a requirement for complex or expensive laboratory equipment. In this context, we undertook improvements to the conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) method which provides a cost-effective approach to mutation detection and compared the results with scanning carried out using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) which utilises a dedicated analyser. Methods: We designed PCR primers to amplify the seven protein-coding exons of the human SPP2 gene which encodes secreted phosphoprotein 24 (spp24) such that the amplified products included the immediately-adjacent intronic regions. Five improvements were made to the CSGE method that was used to the scan the PCR-amplified DNA. The scanning was then repeated using DHPLC and the results were compared. Results: Using CSGE, a single nucleotide polymorphism was discovered in exon 2 and another in intron 2 of the gene. Re-scanning of the same regions by DHPLC detected no additional sequence polymorphisms. Conclusion: With modification of the original protocol, CSGE is capable of providing a simple and cost-effective approach to the detection of DNA sequence polymorphisms that appears to be comparable in sensitivity to DHPLC.}, Keywords = {PCR, Polymorphism, Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE),}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-114}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Comparison of the Effectiveness of a Modified Conformation Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis with Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-94-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {ShahbazMohammadi, Hamid and Omidinia, Eskandar and Taherkhani, Heshmatollah}, title = {Rapid One-Step Separation and Purification of Recombinant Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems}, abstract ={Background: Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH EC 1.4.1.20) is a NAD+-dependent enzyme that performs the reversible oxidative deamination of L-phenylalanine to phenylpyruvate. It plays an important role in detection and screening of phenylketonuria (PKU) diseases and production of chiral intermediates as well. The main goal of this study was to find a simple and rapid alternative method for purifying PheDH. Methods: The purification of recombinant Bacillus sphaericus PheDH was investigated in polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS). The influences of system parameters including PEG molecular weight and concentration, pH and (NH4)2SO4 concentration on enzyme partitioning were also studied. The purity of enzyme was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Results: A single extraction process was developed for separation and purification of recombinant PheDH from E. coli BL21 (DE3). The optimized conditions for partitioning and purification of PheDH were 9% (w/w) PEG-6,000 and 16% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 at pH 8.0. The partition coefficient, recovery, yield, purification factor and specific activity values were achieved 58.7, 135%, 94.42%, 491.93 and 9828.88 U/mg, respectively. Also, the Km values for L-phenylalanine and NAD+ in oxidative deamination were 0.21 and 0.13 mM, respectively. Conclusion: The data presented in this paper demonstrated the potential of ATPS as a versatile and scaleable process for downstream processing of recombinant PheDH.}, Keywords = {Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS), Ammonium sulfate, Phenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH), Purification,}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {115-122}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Rapid One-Step Separation and Purification of Recombinant Phenylalanine Dehydrogenase in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-98-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Sarkaki, Alireza and Amani, Reza and Badavi, Mohammad and Safahani, Maryam and Aligholi, Hadi}, title = {Effect of Ovariectomy on Reference Memory Version of Morris Water Maze in Young Adult Rats}, abstract ={Background: The effect of ovariectomy and accompanying sudden loss of circulating gonad hormones on spatial learning performance in the young adult rats was examined. We hypothesized that spatial learning and memory in a considerable number of women who undergo a surgical menopause and estrogen deprivation before their natural menopause be impaired. Methods: In this study, we used 26 Wistar rats (approximately five months of age) and divided them into two groups: intact and ovariectomized (OVX). They were tested for spatial reference memory in Morris water maze 6 weeks after OVX. Results: The results showed that the performance of OVX group in the water maze was significantly lower than the control group. Although, mean path length decreased across blocks in both groups, OVX rats had significantly longer path length than controls across blocks 2-6 (P<0.05). OVX rats had lower percent of total time spent in target quarter than controls in probe trials (P<0.05). Body weight gain was significant only in OVX group during the experiment (P<0.05). Plasma estrogen significantly decreased after OVX (P<0.05). Conclusion: This finding provides further evidence for the role of estrogen, a gonadal steroid hormone, in the manipulation of functions related to learning and memory. It is suggested that estrogen loss following OVX impaired spatial reference memory in young adult rats. Our results suggest that it is necessary to protect women who undergo a surgical menopause before their natural menopause from cognition impairments.}, Keywords = {Ovariectomy, Spatial memory, Morris water maze, Estrogen}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {123-128}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Effect of Ovariectomy on Reference Memory Version of Morris Water Maze in Young Adult Rats}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-100-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Mehraein, Fereshteh}, title = {Morphological Changes of Rabbit Lacrimal Gland Cells from Amiodarone Administration}, abstract ={Background: Amiodarone is a drug that is used for treatment of cardiac arrhythmia after cardiac ischemia. This drug as b blocker decreases arrhythmia rate but it has many side effects on different tissues. Since there are rare reports about changes of lacrimal glands, this research has been carried out to study the morphological and ultrastructural changes of lacrimal gland cells after amiodarone administration. Methods: Male rabbits (n = 14) were divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental group were intra peritoneally injected with a daily single dose of 80 mg/kg amiodarone for two weeks. The control group only received normal saline. At the end of the injection period, the two groups were anesthetized and perfused with Karnovsky's fixative. The lacrimal glands were removed, fixed and then prepared for light and electron microscopic studies. Quantitative studies on lacrimal gland cell micrographs were performed by point counting method. The results were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: Light microscopic observation showed many secretory granules in the cytoplasm of the lacrimal gland cells, which were also seen in the lumen of acini. Ultrastructure study of these cells showed the presence of inclusions in their cytoplasm with homogenous and dense structure. In quantitative analysis, the volume fractions (Vv) of mitochondria and nucleus to the cell showed no differences between the two groups but the Vv of euchromatin to the nucleus was different (P<0.05 ). Conclusion: The presented results show adverse effects of amiodarone on rabbit lacrimal gland cells.}, Keywords = {Amiodarone, Lacrimal gland, Ultrastructure, Point counting method}, volume = {12}, Number = {2}, pages = {129-132}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Morphological Changes of Rabbit Lacrimal Gland Cells from Amiodarone Administration}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-96-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {HabibiRoudkenar, Mehryar and Bouzari, Saeid and Kuwahara, Yoshikazu and Mohammadi, Amaneh and Baba, Taisuke and Oloomi, Mana and Fukumoto, Manabu}, title = {Induction of Apoptosis on K562 Cell Line and Double Strand Breaks on Colon Cancer Cell Line Expressing High Affinity Receptor for Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating factor (GM-CSF)}, abstract ={Background: Immunotoxins are comprised of both the cell targeting and the cell killing moieties. We previously established a new immunotoxin, i.e. Shiga toxin granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (StxA1-GM-CSF), comprises of catalytic domain of Stx, as a killing moiety and GM-CSF, as a cell targeting moiety. In this study, the ability of the immunotoxin to induce apoptosis and double strand breaks (DSB) on different cell lines was investigated. Methods: The recombinant hybrid protein was expressed in bacterial expression system and purified with nickel-nitrilotriacetate acid resin. The K562 (erythroid leukemia) cell line and LS174 (colon carcinoma) were used in this study. The neutral comet assay was carried out for the detection of DSB and Hoechst staining was performed for apoptosis. Results: StxA1-GM-CSF effectively induced apoptosis on K562 cell line and DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) were observed on colon cancer cell line treated with StxA1-GM-CSF. Conclusion: This novel action i.e. DNA damage might be a relevant mechanism of action for StxA1-GM-CSF that is designed to act as immunotoxin, although further investigation is required.}, Keywords = {Shiga toxin granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (StxA1-GM-CSF), Cancer cells, Apoptosis, Double strand}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Induction of Apoptosis on K562 Cell Line and Double Strand Breaks on Colon Cancer Cell Line Expressing High Affinity Receptor for Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating factor (GM-CSF)}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-104-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Zali, Hakimeh and Rezaei-Tavirani, Mostafa and Kariminia, Amina and Yousefi, Reza and Shokrgozar, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Evaluation of Growth Inhibitory and Apoptosis Inducing Activity of Human Calprotectin on the Human Gastric Cell Line (AGS)}, abstract ={Background: Calprotectin is cytotoxic agent that its anti-tumor effects are governed through suppression of topoisomerase II a key enzyme in apoptosis. In previous studies, cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of calprotectin are shown on different cancer cell lines, but not human gastric cancer cell lines. In the present study, cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of calprotectin on human gastric adenocarcinoma cancer cell line (AGS) were evaluated. Methods: The AGS cells were exposed to the different concentrations of calprotectin for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cell proliferation was assessed using dimethylthiazol diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and dye exclusion tests. For evaluation of cytotoxic mechanism in calprotectin on AGS cells, flow cytometric analysis was performed. Results: Our results revealed that calprotectin induces growth inhibition of AGS in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Results of this investigation showed that sensitivity of AGS cells to cytotoxic effect of human calprotectin was highly remarkable. In addition, growth inhibitory effect of this cytotoxic agent mostly was governed through induction of apoptosis in the AGS cells. Conclusion: These findings indicated that calprotectin induces growth inhibition and apoptosis in the AGS cells.}, Keywords = {Human calprotectin, Human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), Growth inhibition, Apoptosis}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-14}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Evaluation of Growth Inhibitory and Apoptosis Inducing Activity of Human Calprotectin on the Human Gastric Cell Line (AGS)}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-111-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Mousavi, Seyed Latif and Nazarian, Shahram and Amani, Jafar and KarimiRahgerdi, Ahm}, title = {Rapid Screening of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains from South Iran by PCR-ELISA}, abstract ={Background: The ability to sensitively detect Vibrio cholera with PCR-ELISA method represents a considerable advancement over alternative more time-consuming methods for detection of this pathogen. The aim of this research is to evaluate the suitability of a PCR-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for sensitive and rapid detection of V. cholera O1. Methods: The 398-bp sequence of a gene that codes for the cholera toxin B subunit was amplified by PCR. The digoxigenin-labeled amplified products were coated on microplates and detected by ELISA. The PCR product was also hybridized with biotin labelled probe and detected by ELISA using streptavidin. Results and Conclusion: The specificity of the PCR was determined using 10 bacterial strains and 50 samples from south Iran. The detection limit was 0.5 pg of the genomic DNA and five bacterial cells. Adaptation of PCR into PCR-ELISA assay format facilitates specific and sensitive detection and diagnosis of human cholera disease. We conclude that this PCR-ELISA is a diagnostic method that specifically detects toxin genes in V. cholera O1 strains. It is more rapid and less cumbersome than other diagnostic methods for detection of toxicity in these strains.}, Keywords = {Vibrio cholera, PCR- ELISA, Immunosorbent assay}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-21}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Rapid Screening of Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains from South Iran by PCR-ELISA}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-105-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {SabouriGhannad, Masoud and Zamani, Alirez}, title = {The Full Length Hepatitis C Virus Polyprotein and Interactions with the Interferon-Beta Signalling Pathways in vitro}, abstract ={Background: Hepatitis C is a global health problem. The exact mechanisms by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) can evade the host immune system have become controversial. Whether HCV polyproteins modulate IFN signalling pathways or HCV proteins are responsible for such a property is the subject of interest. Therefore, an efficient baculovirus delivery system was developed to introduce the whole genome of HCV1B minus 3’untranslated region (UTR) (HCV1BΔ3’UTR) into hepatoma cells. Methods: The whole genome of HCV genotype 1b was developed into hepatoma cells. Also, two replicon constructs were used in this research: a recombinant baculovirus containing the culture adapted sub-genomic replicon (FK5.1) derived from HCV genotype 1b, and a mutant form containing an inactivating mutation within the non-structural protein 5B (NS5B). Results: As expected, the baculovirus carrying the FK5.1 replicon induced the production of IFN-gamma as judged by the use of an IFN- gamma promoter luciferase reporter construct, whereas the GND baculovirus (a control polymerase knock-out replicon) and the full-length 3’UTR deletant failed to induce luciferase expression. The activation of both IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and nuclear factor κB (NFκB), two transcription factors induced by dsRNA signalling were examined. Both the wild type and GND-mutant replicon blocked the dsRNA-induced activation of IRF3 and NFκB. Conclusion: Inhibition of the transcriptional response to IRF3 and NFκB seems to be one of the multiple mechanisms which HCV employs to escape the host immune defence. In contrast, the full length 3’UTR deletant had no significant effect on either transcription factor. These results may be attributed to the function of HCV subgenomic replicons when compared with full length 3’UTR deletant.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis C virus (HCV), IFN-β , IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), Nuclear factor κ B (NFκ B)}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-34}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Full Length Hepatitis C Virus Polyprotein and Interactions with the Interferon-Beta Signalling Pathways in vitro}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-110-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Koruji, Morteza and Movahedin, Mansoureh and Mowla, Seyed Javad and Gourabi, Hamid and JabbaryArfaee, Ali}, title = {The Morphological Changes of Adult Mouse Testes after 60Co γ-Radiation}, abstract ={Background: Cytotoxic therapy can lead to prolonged azoospermia or even sterility. In the present study, we investigated the morphological changes of mouse testes after gamma-Radiation. Methods: After anaesthetizing of NMRI mice, testes and their surrounding tissues were irradiated using a cobalt therapy machine. Four experimental groups were irradiated with fractionated doses of: 1.5+8, 1.5+12 and 1.5+16 Gy (with an interval of 24 h) and single dose of 14 Gy. Non-irradiated mice were considered as control group. Testes were removed 4, 6 and 8 weeks following irradiation, weighed and processed for light microscopic study. Diameters of seminiferous tubules and their lumens, epithelium thickness, percentage of different types of tubules and number of spermatogenic cell were measured. Moreover, sperm count motility and viability rates were evaluated in epididymis. Results: Number of normal tubules, epithelium thickness, tubules diameter and lumen diameter were significantly reduced with high dose irradiation in comparison with control testes. The recovery was observed after 8 weeks. Epididymal sperm count, motility and viability rates were significantly decreased in the irradiated mice comparing non-irradiated ones. These parameters were increased after 8 weeks. Conclusion: According to the results, irradiation can cause temporary azoospermia in mouse and this effect is reversible after 8 weeks.}, Keywords = {γ-radiation, Mouse testis, Morphology}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-42}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Morphological Changes of Adult Mouse Testes after 60Co γ-Radiation}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-107-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-107-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Pourazar, Abassali and Homayouni, Vida and Rezaei, Abbas and Andalib, Alireza and Oreizi, Farz}, title = {The Assessment of Feto-Maternal Hemorrhage in an Artificial Model Using Anti-D and Anti-Fetal Hemoglobin Antibody by Flow Cytometry}, abstract ={Background: When fetal red cells enter the maternal circulation from placenta, an event would be happened that is described as feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH). This life-threatening condition could be detected by using RBC antigens (surface antigens and intracellular antigens). Therefore, the measurement of fetal RBC in an artificial model would be useful to calculate FMH and consequently the dosage of Rhogam for prophylaxis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate FMH in an artificial mixture model. Methods: A series of 40 artificial specimens were prepared consisting of Rh(D) negative adult blood (non-immunized) spiked with varying amounts of Rh(D) positive cord blood from mothers between 20-30 years old in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Monoclonal anti-D and anti-HbF (fetal hemoglobin) were used for detection of fetal RBC in artificial mixture sample modeling. Results: This study showed that the percentage of fetal cells in artificial sample for anti-D antigen is in ranges of 0.28%-0.32% for a 0.25% dilution mixture, and 1.3%-2.05% for the mixture with dilution 2%. In addition, the ranges of data for anti-HbF staining was obtained 0.2%-0.34% for the 0.25% dilution sample, and the ranges of 1.04-1.8% for the 2% dilution. The regression analysis indicated that the correlation of anti-D assessment with expected standard method was r2 = 0.9672 and anti-HbF assessment was r2 = 0.8842. Conclusion: Although both molecule targets could be used for detection of fetal RBC, in this model, anti-D staining was more accurate than anti-HbF staining. However, since anti-D can not be utilized for low-density or weak phenotype and other incompatibility, the anti-HbF labeling could be used for all FMH.}, Keywords = {Feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH), Fetal hemoglobin (HbF), Anti-D}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-48}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Assessment of Feto-Maternal Hemorrhage in an Artificial Model Using Anti-D and Anti-Fetal Hemoglobin Antibody by Flow Cytometry}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Ramazani, Ali and Kahrizi, Kimia and Razaghiazar, Maryam and Mahdieh, Nejat and Koppens, Paul}, title = {The Frequency of Eight Common Point Mutations in CYP21 Gene in Iranian Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia}, abstract ={Background: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH, the inherited inability to synthesize cortisol) is one of the most common (1 in 10000 to 1 in 15000) autosomal recessive disorders. More than 95% of cases of CAH are caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD). Females with severe, classic 21-OHD are exposed to excess androgens prenatally and are born with virilized external genitalia. Most patients cannot synthesize sufficient aldosterone to maintain sodium balance and may develop potentially fatal salt wasting crisis if not treated. Methods: We applied allele specific PCR to detect the eight common mutations in the CYP21 gene in patients. Fifty unrelated patients with symptoms of classical CAH were studied. Results and Conclusion: Seventy percent of our subjects had these mutations. The most frequent mutations were found to be I2G and del-8bp (28% and 13%, respectively). The frequencies of other alleles were as following: I172N, 9% V281L, 3% exon 6 cluster (I236N, V237E and M239K), 4% Q318X, 9% R356W, 5% and P30L, 0%. The frequency of mutations did not differ substantially from other ethnics, however, a higher rate of del-8 bp (13%) was found in our population. The aim of this study was to detect common mutations for setting up a molecular method for prenatal diagnosis.}, Keywords = {Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), CYP21 gene, Mutation}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-53}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {The Frequency of Eight Common Point Mutations in CYP21 Gene in Iranian Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-109-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} } @article{ author = {Motavaze, Kamyar and Namvar, Zahra and Emami, Massoud and Noorbakhsh, Fatemeh and Rezaie, Sass}, title = {Molecular Characterization of a Squalene epoxidase Gene in Dermatophyte Pathogen Trichophyton tonsurans}, abstract ={Background: Trichophyton tonsurans is one of the dermatophyte fungi which invades the skin and hair of human. Several properties of this fungus have been investigated so far. However a few studies were carried out in the field of molecular biology of this fungus. In the present study, we tried to identify the Squalene epoxidase gene which is related to synthesis of ergosterol in this fungus. Methods: Pairs of 23 and 24 nucleotides primers were designed from highly conserved regions of the similar genes in other fungi. Mentioned primers were utilized in PCR by using isolated genomic DNA of T. tonsurans whereas the PCR fragments were then sequenced. Results and Conclusion: Nucleotides (n = 558) have been sequenced from this new gene which encodes a polypeptide with 186 amino acids. Sequences comparison in gene data banks (NCBI, NIH) for this part of DNA and its deduced amino acid revealed significant homology with members of the eukaryotic Squalene epoxidase.}, Keywords = {Dermatophyte, Trichophyton tonsurans, Squalene epoxidase, Ergosterol, PCR}, volume = {12}, Number = {1}, pages = {55-58}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {Molecular Characterization of a Squalene epoxidase Gene in Dermatophyte Pathogen Trichophyton tonsurans}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-106-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2008} }