@article{ author = {Hagi-SharifiaTaghavi, Marzieh and Davoodi, Jamshid and Mirshahi, Manouchehr}, title = {The Effect of Wild Type P53 Gene Transfer on Growth Properties and Tumorigenicity of PANC-1 Tumor Cell Line}, abstract ={The p53 protein function is essential for the maintenance of the nontumorigenic cell phenotype. Pancreatic tumor cells show a very high frequency of p53 mutation. To determine if restoration of wild type p53 function can be used to eliminate the tumorigenic phenotype in these cells, pancreatic tumor cell lines, PANC-1 and HTB80, differing in p53 status were stably transfected with exogenous wild type p53 gene. Methods: The transfection was performed using Polybrene/DMSO-Assisted Gene Transfer method. The wild type p53 gene integration into genomic DNA was detected by Southern blot and PCR. Furthermore, the expression of wild type p53 protein was detected in selected clones by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results: While HTB80 cell line failed to produce a stable p53 expressing clone, the PANC-1 cells produced stable lines. Following characterization of clones, the growth rate and tumorigenicity of PANC-1 wild type p53 clones were compared to the control cells. Our data showed that the expression of wild type p53 decreased the growth rate of PANC-1 cells. It was also observed that the expression of wild type p53 in PANC-1 cells suppressed its potential for tumor formation in nude mice, completely, while the parental line leads to the formation of a relatively large tumor. Conclusion: Our results suggest that gene therapy based on restoration of wild type p53 protein function in pancreatic tumor cells with high amount of mutant p53 is a feasible option in pancreatic cancer treatment.}, Keywords = {p53, pancreatic cancer, tumor formation}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-336-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mosayebi, Ghasem and RizgarA., Mageed and Gharagozloo, Soheila and Shokri, Fazel}, title = {Differential Expression of Rheumatoid Factor-Associated Cross-Reactive Idiotypes in Iranian Seropositive and Seronegative Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis}, abstract ={High levels of rheumatoid factors (RF) are detectable in serum of the majority of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but 5-10% of patients remain seronegative (SN). Despite clinical and genetic similarities between these two subsets of RA, it has been proposed that they may be regarded as distinct clinical entities. Methods: In the present study a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) recognizing RF-associated cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI) linked to the VH1 (G8), VH4 (LC1), VK3b (17-109) and a mAb recognizing the VK3 subgroup (C7) of immunoglobulin variable region (IgV) gene products were used to quantitate the level of expression of these gene products in serum and synovial fluid of 35 seropositive (SP) and 8 SN RA patients by capture ELISA. Results: While the concentration and relative proportion of the IgV are recognized by the mAb G8, 17-109 and C7 were significantly higher in serum and synovial fluid of the SP RA, compared to the SN-RA patients (G8, p = 0.009 17-109, p = 0.0001 C7, p = 0.001). The CRI recognized by the mAb LC1 was highly represented in serum and synovial fluid of the SN-RA patients. There have been no significant differences in the level of expression of these IgV gene products (other than the product recognized by C7 mAb in SP patients) between serum and synovial fluid of either group of patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the expressed repertoire of Ig VH and VK genes in these two subsets of RA is differentially regulated and may be influenced by selective mechanisms leading to positive or negative selection of certain genes.}, Keywords = {Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Rheumatoid factor (RF), Cross-reactive idiotypes (CRI), Seronegative (SN), Seropositive (SP)}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-13}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-120-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Anjamrooz, Sayed Hadi and Movahedin, Mansoureh and Mowla, Sayed Javad and PourBairanvand, Shahram}, title = {Assessment of Morphological and Functional Changes in the Mouse Testis and Epididymal Sperms Following Busulfan Treatment}, abstract ={Busulfan, a cytotoxic drug, which is currently used as a chemotherapeutic agent, has many side effects on different body organs. In this research, the effects of busulfan on sperm parameters and microstructure of mouse testis were investigated. Methods: Busulfan was injected intrapretoneally at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg/kg and testes were removed after 4, 6 and 8 weeks, weighed and processed for light microscopic examination. Transverse and cross section diameters of testes, seminiferous tubules diameters, percentage of different types of tubules, epithelium thickness, spermatogenic cell numbers and capsule thickness as well as the sperm parameters in epididymis were measured. Results: There was a significant decline in sperm numbers and marked changes in testes structures. Almost 8 weeks after the injection of drug, some of the changes are reversed. Accordingly, the changes in percent of normal tubules without sperm, abnormal tubules and capsule thickness were increased until 6 weeks of drug administration, the changes declined thereafter. Conclusion: In general, busulfan caused a decrease in all analyzed parameters (except capsule thickness, normal tubules without sperm and abnormal tubules), probably due to the arrest of spermatogenesis. Our results also revealed that some of the changes are reversible and dose dependent.}, Keywords = {Busulfan, Testis, Sperm}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-22}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-117-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Rafiei, Alireza and Kiutade, Yiukito}, title = {Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CTL Epitopes Restricted by HLA-A*0201 in HHD Mice}, abstract ={CD8+ T cells are thought to play an important role in protective immunity to tuberculosis. The major histocompatibility complex class I subtype HLA-A*0201 is one of the most prevalent class I alleles, with a frequency of over 30% in most populations. HLA-A*0201 transgenic, H-2Db/mouse beta2-microglobulin double-knockout mice (HHD) which express human HLA-A*0201 but no mouse class I, was shown to provide a powerful model for studying induction of HLA-A*0201-restricted immune responses in vivo. Methods: HHD mice were immunized with plasmid DNA encoding MPB51 by using a gene gun, and IFN-g production from the immune spleen cells was analyzed in response to a synthetic overlapping peptide library covering the mature MPB51 sequence. catatonic T lymphocytes (CTL) activity was measured using cytotoxicity assay and the three-color flowcytometry was used to reveal IFN-g-producing immune spleen cells. Results: Our findings were shown that only one peptide, p51-70, appeared to stimulate the immune splenocytes to produce IFN-g. Flow cytometric analysis with intracellular IFN-g and the T-cell phenotype revealed that the p51-70 peptide contains an immunodominant CD8+ T-cell epitope. Further analysis with computer-assisted algorithms permitted identification of a T-cell nona mer epitope, p54-62. Finally, we proved that the p54-62/HLA-A*0201 complex is strongly recognized by HLA class I-restricted CD8+ MPB51-specific CTL cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that vaccination with MPB51 gene elicited MPB51-specific CTL. In addition, the P54-62 epitope thus represent potential subunit component for the design of vaccines against tuberculosis.}, Keywords = {DNA vaccine, MPB51, HHD mice, Epitope}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {23-31}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-118-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Sinha, Rakesh Kumar and Aggarwal, Yogender}, title = {Depletion of Serotonin Synthesis with p-CPA Pretreatment Alters EEG in Urethane Anesthetized Rats under Whole Body Hyperthermia}, abstract ={Serotonin is believed as an important factor in brain function. The role of serotonin in cerebral psycho-patho-physiology has already been well established. However, the function of serotonin antagonist in anesthetized subjects under hyperthermia has not been studied properly. Methods: Experiments were performed in three groups of urethane-anesthetized rats, such as: (i) control group, (ii) whole body hyperthermia group and (iii) p-CPA (para-Chlorophenylalanine) pretreated hyperthermia group. Hyperthermia was produced by subjecting the rats to high ambient temperature of 38 ± 1ºC (relative humidity 45-50%). Each group was divided for EEG (electroencephalogram) study and for determination of edematous swelling in the brain. Results: Urethane anesthetized rats under hyperthermia show highly significant reduction in their survival time. The body temperature recorded during the hyperthermia was observed with significant and linear rise with marked increase in brain water content, which was analyzed just after the death of the subjects. The results of the electroencephalographic study in urethane-anesthetized rats recorded before death indicate that brain function varies in systematic manner during hyperthermia as sequential changes in EEG patterns were observed. However, a serotonin antagonist, p-CPA pretreatment increases the survival time with significant reduction in edematous swelling in brain but it does not affect the relationship between the core body temperature and the brain cortical potentials as observed in urethane anesthetized subjects exposed to whole body hyperthermia. The core body temperature in p-CPA pretreated rats show non-linear relationship with respect to the exposure time as it was observed in drug untreated subjects. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that although pretreatment of p-CPA in rats has a marked correlation between the extravasations of the blood-brain barrier under hyperthermia but shows minimum effect on the EEG in a model of hyperthermia under irreversible anesthesia.}, Keywords = {Hyperthermia, Urethane anesthesia, Para-Chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Brain edema}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-39}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Mohsenifar, Afshin and Lotfi, Abbas S. and Ranjbar, Bijan and Allameh, Abdolamir and Zaker, Farhad and Hasani, Leila and EtemadiKia, Batool and Hasannia, Sadegh}, title = {A Study of the Oxidation-Induced Conformational and Functional Changes in Neuroserpin}, abstract ={Neuroserpin, a member of the Serine Proteinase Inhibitor (Serpin) superfamily, is known to be a neuroprotective factor in the focal ischemic stroke followed by reducing the microglial activation. Neuroserpin is a protein rich of methionine residues that can scavenge the free radical species which may increase its neuroprotective effect. On the other hand, the oxidative modifications of the amino acid residues in neuroserpin may lead to changes in its conformation and function. In this study, it was investigated the changes in the conformation and the function of the oxidized neuroserpin. Methods: Neuroserpin expressed in E. coli, BL21 or M15 harboring plasmid pQE81L containing neuroserpin cDNA. Expressed neuroserpin was purified by resin sulfopropyl A50 precharged with 0.1 M NiSO4 under denaturing condition. Neuroserpin was oxidized under oxidative stress condition in the presence of different concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The oxidation of neuroserpin was conveniently detected by a carbonyl content assay using 2, 4 dinitrophenylhydrazine. Changes in tertiary structure of neuroserpin were monitored by spectrofluorimeter to study the alteration of intrinsic fluorescence and also fluorescence of 8-anilinonaphthalin-1 sulfonic acid (ANS) in native and oxidized form of neuroserpin. Results: Total expressed neuroserpin was estimated 4-5 mg/lit in 2XYT culture media. SDS-PAGE analysis of purified neuroserpin showed a single band which reflects the efficiency of the resin SP A50 for purification of the proteins containing 6×His tag. Carbonyl content of oxidized and native neuroserpin was estimated 12.3 ± 0.3 and 0.45 ± 0.05, respectively. The inhibitory activity of oxidized neuroserpin decreased up to 40-60% as compared with native form of neuroserpin. Intrinsic fluorescence and also the emission of ANS bind to the hydrophobic region of the protein altered from 380 to 85 and in the case of ANS from 105 to 150 in oxidized and native form of neuroserpin, respectively. Conclusion: The decreased intrinsic fluorescence intensity, an enhancement in the fluorescence of ANS, and loss of the inhibitory activity up to 40-60% in neuroserpin, all suggested a conformational modification in the protein under the oxidative stress condition. Remaining the inhibitory activity of neuroserpin reflects that the protein tolerates the oxidative stress condition effectively.}, Keywords = {Neuroserpin, Reactive oxygen species, Conformational disorder, Surface hydrophobicity, Inhibitory activity}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-46}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-115-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {HakemiVala, Mojdeh and Nowroozi, Jamileh and Ghazi, Farideh and NabaviTabatabai, Parvaneh and Haghighi, Saee}, title = {Comparing Invasive and Non-Invasive of Isolated Shigella flexneri by Electron Microscopy of Cell Culture, SDS-PAGE and Congo Red Method}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to compare invasive and non-invasive strains of Shigella flexneri isolated from Tehran by a 120 kDa protein band by SDS-PAGE, electron microscopy of cell culture and Congo red dye methods. Methods: S. flexneri strains were isolated by standard bacterial methods from fecal specimens of children attending to the 3 children’s hospitals. Phenotype analysis for screening virulent of strains of S. flexneri was done on a plate of tryptic soy agar contained 0.003% Congo red dye. Whole membrane protein preparations were used to examine the protein profiles of the inner and outer membrane of these Gram-negative bacteria. The protein mixture was electrophoresed through a polyacrylamide gel. The gel was stained with Coomassie brilliant blue R250 and destained with ethanol and acetic acid. HeLa cell culture was done by two-step preparations: one for light microscopy and the other for electron microscopy. Results: Some of S. flexneri (46%) were Congo red positive colonies. S. flexneri with negative Congo red phenotype could not enter the HeLa cell culture. A 120 kDa protein band was found in 46% of these bacteria which could enter into HeLa cell culture. Pseudopod structures which facilitate bacterial cell-to-cell spread were readily identified by electron microscopy. Discussion: Since the existence of 120-kDa protein band was corresponded to enter of S. flexneri into the HeLa cell culture and correlated with Congo red dye positive, for identification of invasive and non-invasive S. flexneri strains, the use of a 120-kDa protein band by SDS-PAGE or a simple, rapid and very cheap Congo red dye method is recommended. Because, there are some deaths due to Shigella sp. in our country, notification on the isolation of these bacteria in both children hospitals laboratories and private clinical laboratories is important.}, Keywords = {Shigella flexneri, HeLa cell culture, Electron microscopy, Congo red dye}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {47-52}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-113-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Bamdad, Taravat and Bell, John.C.}, title = {Intercellular Trafficking of VP22, a Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Tegument Protein}, abstract ={The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) tegument protein, VP22 has been reported to have the property of intercellular transport. The previous studies have shown that following expression of a fusion protein containing VP22 it spreads to every cell in a monolayer and concentrates in the nucleus. In spite of these reports, some studies have shown that VP22 trafficking and its nucleus accumulation is an artifact and no improvement in translocation of proteins fused to VP22 has been detected. Methods: To better understand about VP22 translocation, VP22-GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) vector was constructed and its nuclear accumulation, transportation to the nontransfected cells and translocation between different cell types were studied by fluorescent microscope. Results: VP22-fusion protein was detected in nontransfected cells which in some of them the fusion protein was shown in nucleus. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that VP22 can easily transport between different cells but nuclear accumulation of the protein is not common in all of the recipient cells.}, Keywords = {Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), VP22, Tegument, Transporter}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-57}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-112-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Kaya, Selcuk and SesliCetin, Emel and CiciogluAridogan, Buket and Onal, Süleyman and Demirci, Mustaf}, title = {Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes among HBV Carriers in Isparta}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Isparta, Southwest of Turkey, as well as the clinical features and transmission route for patients with HBV infections. Methods: Patients (n = 135) with HBV infection were included in the study. Epidemiological and clinical data were obtained. HBV genotypes were determined with a preS2 epitope ELISA kit. Results: Although the HBV transmission route remained unidentified in 51.1% of the patients, blood contact was determined as the most common probable transmission route (38.5%). One hundred twenty-four (91.8%) of 135 samples, could be genotyped. One hundred fifteen (85.1%) were genotyped as type D/E, six (4.4%) were genotyped as type A, two (1.4%) were genotyped as type C, and one (0.7%) were genotyped as type F. Conclusion: Genotype D/E is determined as the predominant HBV genotype circulating in Isparta, Southwest of Turkey. No relationship between genotypes and disease severity and transmission route has been detected.}, Keywords = {Hepatitis B virus (HBV), genotype, transmission route}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-63}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-456-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-456-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Shahraki, Mohammad Reza and Arab, Mohammad Reza and Mirimokaddam, Ebrahim and Palan, Mony Jey}, title = {The Effect of Teucrium polium (Calpoureh) on Liver function, Serum Lipids and Glucose in Diabetic Male Rats}, abstract ={Teucrium polium is an analgesic, antidiabetic and antilipeidemic herbal medicament. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract T. polium on liver enzymes linked to liver dysfunction, serum lipids and glucose, in diabetic male rats. Methods: A total of 20 Sprague-Dawly male rats became diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). the animals were divided randomly into two groups. Experimental group was fed Teucrium polium (50 mg/kg) for a month but control group was received the same volume of distilled water. Liver enzymes, biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartae transaminase) and glucose were measured by kinetic (Enzymatic) and colorimetric methods. Data obtained were analyzed and mean values were compared by paired student's t-test. The results were expressed as mean ± SD. Significant differences were set at P<0.05. Results: Our results showed that in test group, serum glucose values decreased significantly (P<0.05), but cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase and aspartae transaminase increased significantly after use of T. polium (P<0.05). This parameters value did not show any changes in control group. Conclusion: Although the aqueous extract of Teucrium polium has strong hypoglycemic properties in experimental animals, but because of some hepatotoxic effects, it is not suitable to use it in human as an antidiabetic agent.}, Keywords = {Teucrium polium, Liver function, Blood glucse}, volume = {11}, Number = {1}, pages = {65-68}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-119-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Saberfar, Esmaeil and Forghani-Fard, Mohammad M. and Mosavi, Mirlatif}, title = {Multiplex Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay for Typing and Subtyping of Influenza A (H5 & H9) Virus in Iran}, abstract ={Avian influenza virus (AIV) infection is a major cause of bird or human mortality and morbidity, therefore the rapid identification of the virus is of important clinical and epidemiological implication. Methods: A multiplex Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was optimized for the detection of influenza A virus and the H5 and H9 subtypes. The influenza type A specific primers were directed to the region of the influenza A matrix gene that is conserved among most type A influenza viruses. The H5 and H9 primers were directed to H5 and H9 hemagglutinin (HA) gene regions that are conserved among H5 and H9 subtypes. The selected primer sets were used in the RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of matrix, H5 and H9 responding specific sequences in a multiplex format. Results: Three reaction conditions were optimized which include: i) RT-PCR typing using matrix gene primers for five subtypes of flu A (H1, H3, H5, H7 and H9), ii) RT-PCR subtyping for H5 and H9 subtypes, and iii) multiplex subtyping of H5 and H9. In this study, the multiplex RT-PCR was applied to 147 cloacal and tracheal swabs of clinical poultry cases with similar influenza symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest that multiplex RT-PCR assay can be a useful test for rapid detection and subtyping of AIV in clinical samples.}, Keywords = {Influenza, Hemagglutinin (HA), H9, Multiplex Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), Subtyping}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {69-74}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-130-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Sabetkasaei, Masoomeh and Masoudnia, Fatemeh and Khansefid, Niaz and Behzadi, Gil}, title = {Opioid Receptors of the Central Amygdala and Morphine-Induced Antinociception}, abstract ={The amygdala is a forebrain region, which is known as a modulator of pain sensation. The amygdala, particularly the central nucleus, has high concentrations of enkephalins relative to dynorphins and has high concentrations of opioid receptors. We here studied the role of central nuclei of amygdala in morphine antinociception. Methods: In this study, we used 130 male Wistar rats (200- 250g). Bilateral two guide cannula were inserted into central nuclei of amygdala. The drugs were administrated via intra central- amygdala and intraperitoneal. The antinociceptive effect was measured by formalin test. Results: Bilateral microinjections of morphine (50 and 100 μg/rat) into the central nuclei of amygdala elicited powerful suppression of nociceptive behaviors in both phases of formalin test. The intraperitoneal administration of naloxone (1 and 2 mg/kg) decreased significantly the antinociception induced by the intra-amygdaloid injection of morphine. Our data also showed that microinjection of naloxone (50 and 100 μg/rat) into the central nuclei of amygdala could reduce the analgesic effects of systemic morphine (7 mg/kg). On the other hand, bilateral neurotoxic lesions of the central nuclei of amygdala attenuated the antinociception induced by subcutaneous or intra-amygdaloid injection of morphine. Conclusion: These findings suggest that morphine analgesia in the formalin test depends on ascending connections to the forebrain, probably the amygdala.}, Keywords = {Amygdala, Morphine, Antinociception, Naloxone, Formalin test}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {75-80}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-131-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Amirmozafari, Nour and Malekzadeh, Fereidon and Hosseini, Farzaneh and Ghaemi, Nasser}, title = {Isolation and Identification of Anionic Surfactant Degrading Bacteria from Activated Sludge}, abstract ={Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS) is an anionic surfactant widely used all over the world. They will eventually end-up and accumulate in household or industrial sewage. Due to their high foaming capabilities which can cause numerous problems in sewage treatment facilities as well as direct toxic effects on many different organisms in ecosystem they are generally considered as serious pollutants. Many reports have indicated that common bacteria can readily degrade LABS. Methods: In this survey, two different bacteria were isolated from Tehran municipal active sludge that showed the ability to degrade LABS rapidly and actively upon using it as their sole source of carbon. Biochemical tests as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing performed. Results: Results have indicated the two isolates to be Acinetobacter johnsoni and Pseudomonas beteli. After experiments to optimize the pH and temperature for growth of the two bacterial isolates, the extent of LABS, utilization was evaluated by HPLC method. The Pseudomonas beteli and Acinetobacter johnsoni isolates were able to degrade 96.4% and 97.2% of the original LABS levels after 10 days of growth, respectively. Mixed culture of the two isolates did not significantly increase LABS utilization (97.6%). Conclusion: Our study showed the ability of two isolated steains to rapidly biodegrade LABS under aerobic conditions.}, Keywords = {Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABS), Biodegradation, Active sludge, Anionic surfactant}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-86}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-125-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {GhaffariNovin, Marefat and Nouri, Mohamm}, title = {Effect of Matrigel on Function and Morphology of Human Endometrial Epithelial Cell in vitro}, abstract ={The importance of extra cellular matrix (ECM) in development and function of different cells has been reported but little is known about its role in human endometrial epithelial cells. The aim of the present study was to examine effects of artificial ECM (Matrigel) and progesterone on the function and morphology of human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Methods: Endometrial samples were removed, with informed patients consent and Ethics Committee approval, from 17 previously fertile women undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. The tissue was dissociated and centrifuged to provide an epithelial rich suspension which was cultured either on plastic or seeded into Matrigel to produce polarized cells and then supplemented with or without progesterone (10-6 M). The amount of nucleic acid content of the cells in both in vitro model systems was examined by DNA, RNA extraction methods. The DNA and RNA content were later measured by spectrophotometry. Results: The amount of total RNA in cells grown on Matrigel (23 ± 1.5 pg/cell) was more than double that in cells grown on pl1astic (9.1 ± 1.4 pg/cell). Cells cultured on both in vitro model systems had RNA induced by steroid hormones, but the extent of induction was greater in cells grown on Matrigel (30 ± 2 pg/cell) than those on plastic (12 ± 1.9 pg/cell). Cells cultured on Matrigel were differentiated and became polarized but cells grown on plastic proliferated to full confluency. Cells grown on Matrigel with progesterone supplementation were highly polarized, euchromatic and had greater mitochondria and accumulation of glycogen, when compared to unsupplemented cultures. Conclusion: These results suggest that ECM plays an important role in gene expression, polarization and differentiation of human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro. Endometrial cells grown on ECM responded to steroid hormone in a manner to that reported in endometrial cells in vivo.}, Keywords = {Matrigel, Epithelial endometrium, Function and morphology, in vitro}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-94}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-124-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Hosseini-Mazinani, Seyed Mehdi and Eftekhar, Fereshteh and Milani, Mahnaz and Ghandili, Soheil}, title = {Characterization of β-Lactamases from Urinary Isolates of Escherichia coli in Tehran}, abstract ={Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns in E. coli, the predominant pathogen associated with urinary tract infections (UTI) is important as a guide in selecting empirical antimicrobial therapy. Methods: To describe the antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli associated with UTI in a major university hospital in Tehran (Iran), seventy-six clinical isolates of E. coli were studied for susceptibility to b-lactam antibiotics by the disc diffusion method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations determination. Results: All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and oxacillin. Resistance to the other tested antibiotics was shown to be 93.4% to cefradine, 76.3% to carbenicillin, 47.3% to cefazoline, 50% to cefalexin and 32.8% to cephalothin while 1.3% expressed resistance to cefoxitime, and 2.6% were resistant to ceftizoxime and ceftriaxone. Two isolates (2.4%) harbored extended spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) shown by the double disc diffusion method. Substrate hydrolysis by ultra violet spectroscopy showed that 87.4% harbored penicillinases, 9% produced cephlosporinases and 3.6% degraded both substrates. Clavulanic acid inhibited enzyme activity in 82.9%, of which 78.95% was penicillinases (group IIa) and 3.95% was cephalosporinases (group IIb) of the Bush classification system. The rest of the isolates (6.58 %) were placed in group IV b-lactamases. No group III b-lactamase was found, as EDTA inhibited none of the enzymes. DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction using specific primers for ampC, TEM and SHV type b-lactamases for all of the isolates showed that 47 organisms (60%) carried the TEM gene and 18 isolates (24%) harbored blaTEM and ampC genes. About 26% of the organisms harbored SHV type enzymes. Conclusion: These results indicate that E. coli can posses a variety of b-lactamases that are responsible for β-lactam resistance.}, Keywords = {Urinary, β-lactamase, TEM, SHV, Amp C, E. coli}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {95-99}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-126-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Sinha, Rakesh Kumar}, title = {Study of Changes in Some Pathophysiological Stress Markers in Different Age Groups of an Animal Model of Acute and Chronic Heat Stress}, abstract ={This study demonstrates the changes in six different pathophysiological parameters such as body weight, body temperature, fecal pellet count, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, plasma corticosterone level and emergence of hemorrhagic peptic ulcer spots due to exposure to high environmental heat in three different age groups of freely moving rats. Methods: Each age group of rats was sub divided into three groups: (i) acute heat stress-subjected to a single exposure for four hours in the Biological Oxygen Demand incubator at 38°C (ii) chronic heat stress-exposed for 21 days daily for one hour in the incubator at 38°C, and (iii) handling control groups. The data were recorded for the analyses of the changes in different parameters just after the heat exposure from acute stressed rats and on 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th and 21st day on chronic stressed rats for body temperature, body weight, fecal pellets count. For the analysis of changes in three other parameters, BBB permeability, plasma corticosterone level and peptic ulcer spots following chronic exposure to high environmental heat, data were recorded on 22nd day for the analysis. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA-1) of the observations demonstrates a significant increase in body temperature, fecal pellet count, BBB permeability (except in adult group), plasma corticosterone level and emergence of hemorrhagic peptic ulcer spots in all three different age group of rats due to exposure to acute heat stress. However, chronic heat was found responsible for the significant reduction in body weight in weaning and young rats, increase in body temperature, number of fecal pellets excreted (in early days of chronic stress) and number of peptic ulcer spots in all three age groups of rats. At the same time, BBB extravasations were not observed in rats except very mild in weaning group. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the acute as well as chronic exposure to hot environment significantly alters the physiology of different organs of the body.}, Keywords = {Heat stress, Body temperature, Body weight, Blood-brain barrier (BBB), Plasma corticosterone}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {101-111}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-132-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ani, Mohsen and Moshtaghie, Ali Asghar and Ahmadvand, Hass}, title = {Comparative Effects of Copper, Iron, Vanadium and Titanium on Low Density Lipoprotein Oxidation in vitro}, abstract ={Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been strongly implicated in the phathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The use of oxidants in dietary food stuff may lead to the production of oxidized LDL and may increase both the development and the progression of atherosclerosis. The present work investigated the effects of some elements including: copper (Cu), iron (Fe), vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti) on in vitro LDL oxidation quantitatively. Methods: The first LDL fraction was isolated from fresh plasma by single vertical discontinuous density gradient ultracentrifugation. The formation of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increase in electrophoretic mobility of LDL were monitored as markers of the oxidation of LDL. Results: It was demonstrated that Cu, Fe, V and Ti exhibited strong oxidant activity in this respect (P<0.001). Oxidation of LDL in the presence of Cu was more and appeared to be in this order Cu>Fe> V>Ti. Discussion: Cu, Fe, V and Ti are redox-active transition metals that may cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA molecules. We suggest that these elements may also influence the oxidation of LDL in vivo, which could increase both the development and progression of atherosclerosis.}, Keywords = {Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Vanadium (V), Titanium (Ti), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {113-118}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-123-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Orazizadeh, Mahmoud and Salter, Donald M.}, title = {The Expression of Signal Regulatory Protein-alpha in Normal and Osteoarthritic Human Articular Cartilage and Its Involvement in Chondrocyte Mechano-transduction Response}, abstract ={Signal regulatory proteins (SIRP) belong to immunoglobulin super family (IgSF) and relate to integrin signaling cascades. It has been shown that SIRPa is expressed in a variety of cells including myeloid cells and neurons. In the present study the expression of this IgSF member in articular chondrocytes was investigated. Methods: Using a panel of anti-SIRPalpha antibodies, immunohistochemistry, Western-blotting and methods, expression of SIRP electrophysiologya and its role in chondrocyte mechano-transduction were assessed. Results: No identifiable positive signal was obtained by using immunohistochemistry methods on frozen and paraffin sections. SIRPa is expressed by both normal and osteoarthritis cultured chondrocytes. The electrophysiological response of chondrocytes in the presence of SE7C2 mAb was significantly inhibited whereas SE5A5 did not show any modification in this response. Conclusions: It seems likely that SIRPa could be associated with other proteins such as integrins, CD47 and ion channels, which contribute to the electrophysiological response of human articular chondrocytes. In any case, this study has provided a specific functional role for SIRPalpha in chondrocyte mechano-transduction.}, Keywords = {Cartilage, Chondrocyte, Osteoarthritis (OA), Signal regulatory proteins (SIRP)}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {119-124}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-128-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Rezvany, Mohammad Reza and Kazemi, Azam and Hajifathali, Abbas and Kaviani, Saeed and Mellstedt, Hak}, title = {Analysis of HLA-G Gene Expression in B-Lymphocytes from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients}, abstract ={The human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) molecule exhibits limited tissue distribution, low polymorphism and alternative splicings that generate seven HLA-G isoforms. HLA-G exerts multiple immunoregulatory functions. Recent studies indicate an ectopic up-regulation in tumor cells that may favor their escape from anti-tumor immune responses. This study it is an effort to clarify the presence of HLA-G in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients. Methods: HLA-G mRNA expression was studied in a pilot study in circulating B-CLL and also healthy controls by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using a set of pan-HLA-gamma primers. Results: RT-PCR was performed on B-cells from 74 B-CLL patients and 12 healthy controls. The data showed HLA-G gene expression in 20% of the B-CLL patients. No expression of HLA-G could be detected in the healthy control group. Conclusion: These data suggest that HLA-G is expressed at the gene level in B cells from B-CLL patients but not in B cells from healthy controls. Further study is required to clarify the role of HLA-gamma as a regulatory factor that could affect immune response in B-CLL patients.}, Keywords = {Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), Reverse transcription PCR (RT)-PCR, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {125-129}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-129-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {ShahbazMohammadi, Hamid and Omidinia, Eskander and SahebghadamLotfi, Abbas and Saghiri, Rez}, title = {Preliminary Report of NAD+-Dependent Amino Acid Dehydrogenase Producing Bacteria Isolated from Soil}, abstract ={Amino acid dehydrogenases (L-amino acid: oxidoreductase deaminating EC 1.4.1.X) are members of the wider superfamily of oxidoreductases that catalyze the reversible oxidative deamination of an amino acid to its keto acid and ammonia with the concomitant reduction of either NAD+, NADP+ or FAD. These enzymes have been received much attention as biocatalysts for use in biosensors or diagnostic kits to screen amino acid metabolism disorders such as phenylketonuria (PKU), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), homocystinuria (HCY) and hyperprolinemia. This study was aimed to isolation and screening of novel amino acid dehydrogenases from soil bacteria. Methods: The enzyme producing bacteria were selected among L-methionine and L-phenylalanine utilizers isolated from soil by thin layer chromatography, activity staining and confirmed by enzyme assay. Bacterial strains were identified by phenotypic and biochemical characteristics. The steady-state kinetic studies of enzymes were also performed. Results: In total of 230 tested strains, four of them were recognized as amino acid dehydrogenase producers that belong to species of Pseudomonas, Citrobacter and Proteus. They exhibited the desired NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase activities toward L-isoleucine, L-methionine, L-cysteine, L-serine and L-glutamine in oxidative deamination reaction. The specific activity of L-isoleucine dehydrogenase, L-methionine dehydrogenase and L-glutamine dehydrogenase for oxidative deamination of L-isoleucine, L-methionine and L-glutamine were 1.59, 1.2 and 0.73 U/mg, respectively. The Kcat /Km (s-1.mM -1) values in these strains were as follows: L-isoleucine, 113.6, L-methionine, 62.05 and L-glutamine, 95.83. Conclusion: This is the first report of occurrence a specific isoleucine dehydrogenase, glutamine dehydrogenase and methionine dehydrogenase in bacteria.}, Keywords = {Amino acid dehydrogenase, Amino acid, Bacteria, Enzyme}, volume = {11}, Number = {2}, pages = {131-135}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-127-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ghamsari, Lila and Keyhani, Ezzatollah and Golkhoo, Shokoofeh}, title = {Kinetics Properties of Guaiacol Peroxidase Activity in Crocus sativus L. Corm during Rooting}, abstract ={Guaiacol peroxidases (GP) are haem-containing enzymes participating in many physiological processes in plants. The expression pattern of these enzymes is organ-specific and developmentally regulated. Methods: The presence of GP activity in extract samples, prepared from Crocus sativus L. corms that were either dormant or rooting for 3, 6 and 10 days, was investigated. Results: Kinetic studies revealed a significant similarity among GP activities detectable in the corm at different stages of development: in all extract samples, the activity was maximal at pH 7.5 and after preincubation at 30-40ºC. When guaiacol was used as the varying substrate, Michaelis-Menten kinetics behavior was observed in all extract samples and resulted in similar KM values catalytic efficiencies were also very similar. The corm GP activity was inhibited by cyanide, azide and ascorbate. The GP activities from different extract samples had the same sensitivities to azide, cyanide and ascorbate and the type of inhibition by azide and cyanide was competitive and uncompetitive, respectively, while ascorbate inhibited the GP activity non-competitively. Corm extract samples from different stages of rooting similarly responded to temperature treatment and a biphasic Arrhenius plot resulted for each extract sample studied. When dormant, 3-, 6- and 10-days-rooting corm extracts were submitted to non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the GP-specific activity staining revealed one band on the gel, with the same migrating distances. Conclusion: This finding in combination with kinetic studies demonstrated that at least one form of GP, with an apparent molecular weight of 68 kDa, was expressed during development of Crocus sativus L. corm.}, Keywords = {Arrhenius plot, Crocus sativus L. corm, Development, guaiacol peroxidase (GP), kinetics}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {137-146}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-137-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Maghsoudi, Nader and Khalilpour, Akbar and Kamali, Mahdi and Zeinoddini, Mahdi}, title = {Cloning and Expression of Coxsakievirus B3 Viral Protein-1 in E. Coli}, abstract ={Viral protein-1 (VP1) is a major capsid protein of Coxsakievirus B3 (CVB3) that plays an important role in directing viruses towards permissive cells and acts as a main antigenic site of the virus in eliciting of host immune response, hence it seems VP1 can be considered as a vaccine candidate against CVB3 infection. In this study, cDNA of VP1 was prepared, cloned into pET expression vector and the recombinant protein (VP1) was over expressed in E. coli. Methods: The viruses were grown in suspension cultures of Vero cells with an input virus multiplicity of 10-50 plaque-forming units/cell. After observing complete cytopathic effect, the total RNA (cells and virus) was prepared for RT-PCR and by using specific primers, VP1 cDNA was amplified and ligated into pET vectors (32 a and 28 a). The recombinant vector was transferred into competent E. coli (BL-21) and after selection of proper colony, which carried correct cDNA within the vector cells were cultured and induced with isopropyl B-D-thiogalactopyranoside, in order to express protein (VP1). The cultures were tested for presence of VP1 by SDS-PAGE and Western-Blotting analysis. Results: Molecular techniques such as PCR which showed exact defined size of the VP1 (819 bp), restriction digestion and finally immunoblot analysis of over expressed protein all confirmed the correct cloning and expression of VP1 in this research. Conclusion: In this research, full length of VP1 as major capsid protein of CVB3 was over expressed in E. coli which, can be used for further studies, including neutralizing antibody production against CVB3.}, Keywords = {Coxsakievirus B3 (CVB3), Viral protein-1 (VP1), Entroviruses, Gene expression}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {147-152}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-138-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Hejazi, Mohammad Saeid and SioofyKhojine, Amir Babak}, title = {Influence of E1-Deleted Recombinant Adenoviruses on B7.1 and IL-2 Expression in C1498 Cells}, abstract ={Knowing that adenoviral vectors could initiate innate immunity, the ability of E1-deleted recombinant adenovirus (Ad-E1Δ) in induction of B7.1 and IL-2 molecules was studied. Methods: The expression of green fluorescent protein in C1498 cells following transfection of these cells with adenovirus green fluorescent protein vector confirmed the ability of adenovirus vectors in infecting the cells and inducing the expression of the gene of interest. The expression of B7.1 molecule on the surface of the cells was assayed upon infection with Ad-E1Δ vector. Adenovirus-IL-2/B7.1 vector capable of inducing IL-2 and B7.1 expression in the cells was used as the positive control vector. Results: According to the FACS results, about 4.17% of normal cells expressed B7.1 on their surface, while this level was increased in Ad-E1Δ transduced cells up to 14.43%. These results demonstrate that Ad‑E1∆ vector considerably (about 3 folds) increases the expression of B7.1 on the cells. No detectable IL-2 was secreted into the medium of non-transduced and Ad-E1Δ transduced cells. Conclusion: Data indicate that the infection of C1498 cells with recombinant adenoviruses stimulates expression of B7.1 on the cell surface rather than secretion of IL-2 into the medium.}, Keywords = {B7.1, IL-2, E1-deleted, Adenovirus, C1498 cells}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {153-160}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-136-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Rahimi, Fateh and Talebi, Malihe and Saifi, Mahnaz and Pourshafie, Mohammad R.}, title = {Distribution of Enterococcal Species and Detection of Vancomycin Resistance Genes by Multiplex PCR in Tehran Sewage}, abstract ={Enterococci are important because of their role as the leading cause of nosocomial infections which have a significant role in the dissemination and persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Methods: In this study, we determined the distribution of enterococcal species in the sewage treatment plants in Iran. Furthermore, we improved a rapid and specific PCR method using primers (sodA and ddl genes) for identification of enterococci spp. Results and Conclusion: A total number of 712 enterococci spp. were isolated and the results showed that 56%, 24%, 12%, 4%, 2%, 1% and 1% isolates were E. faecium, E. hirae, E. faecalis, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus, E. mundtii and other enterococcal spp., respectively. The use of species-specific PCR was in agreement with the biochemical tests. Furthermore, multiplex PCR was developed to study the presence of vancomycin resistant genes in E. faecium or E. faecalis. The multiplex PCR appeared to be a useful, rapid and specific method for detecting and discriminating genotypes for vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus.}, Keywords = {Enterococcus, Vancomycin, PCR, Multiplex PCR, sodA}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {161-167}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-141-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {DinparastDjadid, Navid and Forouzesh, Flora and Karimi, Mohsen and Raeisi, Ahmad and Hassan-Zehi, Abdoulghaffar and Zakeri, Sedigheh}, title = {Monitoring Pyrethroid Insecticide Resistance in Major Malaria Vector Anopheles culicifacies: Comparison of Molecular Tools and Conventional Susceptibility Test}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {An. culicifacies, An. gambiae, insecticide resistance, knockdown, Voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc)}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {169-176}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-134-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-134-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {GharibNaseri, Mohammad Kazem and Mard, Seyyed Ali and Badavi, Mohamm}, title = {Effect of Esophageal Distention on Basal and Stimulated Gastric Acid Secretion in Rats}, abstract ={It is well established that the esophageal distention (ED) leads to gastric relaxation, partly by vago-vagal reflex, but till now, the effect of ED on gastric acid secretion has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ED on basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (200-240 g) were deprived of food but not the water 24 h before the experiments. Under urethane anesthesia (1.2 g/kg, i.p.), animals underwent tracheostomy and laparotomy. A catheter was inserted in the stomach through duodenum for gastric distention and gastric washout and the esophagus was cannulated with a distensible balloon orally to distend esophagus (0.3 ml, 10 min). Gastric acid secretion was stimulated by gastric distention, carbachol (4 µg/kg, i.p.) or histamine (5 mg/kg, s.c.). Effects of vagotomy, NG–nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10 mg/kg, i.v.) and also hexamethonium were investigated. Results: Basal and gastric distention- and carbachol, histamine-stimulated acid secretion were reduced by the ED (P<0.05, P<0.0001, P<0.01 and P<0.02, respectively). L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v.) elevated the acid output (P<0.002). Vagotomy reduced the inhibitory effect of the esophagus distention on gastric distention-induced acid secretion (P<0.01). Conclusion: These results indicate that the vagus nerves are involved in the inhibitory effect of the ED on the basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion. Furthermore, nitric oxide could be involved.}, Keywords = {Esophageal distention, Gastric acid secretion, Rat, Vagus nerve, nitric oxide (NO)}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {177-183}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ghaffari, Mohammad Ali and Mojab, Sam}, title = {Influence of Flavonols As in vitro on Low Density Lipoprotein Glycation}, abstract ={The non-enzymatic glycation of Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is a naturally occurring chemical modification of apolipoprotein B as a result of condensation between lysine residues and glucose. Glycated LDL is poorly recognized by LDL receptors and initiates different processes that can be considered proatherogenic. Thus, LDL glycation may contribute in the increased atherosclerotic risk of patients with diabetes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of naturally occurring flavonols on LDL glycation in vitro. Methods. In this study, LDL was isolated from EDTA-plasma by ultracentrifugation using a single step discontinuous gradient. Then, glucose was added to LDL and LDL glycation level was estimated in absence and presence of flavonols by sodium periodate assay. Results. This study was showed that five flavonols: quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, rutin and morin decreased LDL glycation in a dose-dependent manner. Also, it was demonstrated this nutrients decreased electrophoretic mobility of glycated LDL. Conclusion. The results of this investigation show that flavonols probably with their antioxidant properties inhibited LDL glycation and thus may have a role in ameliorating atherosclerotic risk of patients with diabetes mellitus.}, Keywords = {Low density lipoprotein (LDL), Glycation, Flavonols}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {185-191}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-135-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Remram, Youcef and Attari, Mokhtar and Ababou, Noureddine}, title = {Determination of Relationships between the Ultrasound Velocity and the Physical Properties of Bovine Cortical Bone Femur}, abstract ={Accurate measurements of physical characteristics of bone are essential for diagnosis, assessment of change following treatment, and therefore, indirectly, for evaluation of new forms of therapy. This is particularly true of osteoporosis and aging skeleton, in which fractures occur easily. Methods: In this study an ultrasonic system was set-up and calibrated on Plexiglas tubes of variable thickness then used to detect the cortical bone thickness change in calf and bovine adult femurs. Lamb waves have been generated and detected using a pair of Piezoelectric point transducers (transmitter and receiver) operating at 60 kHz in contact with the surface of the bone. Results: A link has been established between the ultrasound velocity and the bone thickness. On the other hand, the density variation has been also investigated by the simulation of the bone decalcification chemically. The results show that the velocity is very sensitive to both thickness and density, its value reduces as the cortical bone thickness and density decrease. Conclusion: This technique might be considered in the attendance of certain bone diseases expressing itself by gradual change in physical properties.}, Keywords = {Ultrasound, Lamb wave velocity, Bone thickness, Osteoporosis}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {193-198}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-143-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-143-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Zamani, Alireza and SabouriGhannad, Masou}, title = {Designing E1 Deleted Adenoviral Vector by Homologous Recombination}, abstract ={Adenoviruses are used extensively to deliver genes into mammalian cells, particularly where there is a requirement for high-level expression of transgene products in cultured cells, or for use as recombinant viral vaccines or in gene therapy. In spite of their usefulness, the construction of adenoviral vectors (AdV) is a cumbersome and lengthy process that is not readily amenable to the generation of large collection of clones. Methods: In this project, to delete E1 gene in adenovirus, an adenoviral plasmid containing lateral sites of E1 region of adenovirus was made and recombination in the 293A cells between the homologous region of this linearized plasmid and the adenovirus genome resulted in the formation of the complete adenoviral recombinant. Results: This recombination resulted in loss of E1 region and we constructed a recombinant adenovirus type 5 vector that E1 gene was deleted by homologous recombination. Conclusion: Homologous recombination is more easy and fast technique in the production of AdV.}, Keywords = {Adenoviral vectors (AdV), Adenovirus, Homologous recombination}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {199-202}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Abbaszadegan, Mohammad Reza and Velayati, Arash and Tavasoli, Alireza and Dadkhah, Ezzat}, title = {Rapid DNA Extraction Protocol from Stool, Suitable for Molecular Genetic Diagnosis of Colon Cancer}, abstract ={Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancers in the world and is curable if diagnosed at the early stage. Analysis of DNA extracted from stool specimens is a recent advantage to cancer diagnostics. Many protocols have been recommended for DNA extraction from stool, and almost allof them are difficult and time consuming, dealing with high amount of toxic materials like phenol. Their results vary due to sample collection method and further purification treatment. In this study, an easy and rapid method was optimized for isolating the human DNA with reduced PCR inhibitors present in stool. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 10 colonoscopy-negative adult volunteers and 10 patients with CRC. Stool (1 g) was extracted using phenol/chloroform based protocol. The amplification of P53 exon 9 was examined to evaluate the extraction efficiency for human genomic targets and also compared its efficiency with Machiels et al. and Ito et al. protocols. Results: The amplification of exon 9 of P53 from isolated fecal DNA was possible in most cases in 35 rounds of PCR using no additional purification procedure for elimination of the remaining inhibitors. Conclusion: A useful, rapid and easy protocol for routine extraction of DNA from stool was introduced and compared with two previous protocols.}, Keywords = {DNA Extraction, Stool, Colon Cancer}, volume = {11}, Number = {3}, pages = {203-208}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-133-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-133-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Ahmadian, Shahin and Pazhang, Yaghub and Shariftabrizi, Ahm}, title = {Immunocytochemical Study on Microtubule Reorganization in HL-60 Leukemia Cells Undergoing Apoptosis}, abstract ={Background: Microtubules (MT) are important components of cell cytoskeleton and play key roles in cell motility mitosis and meiosis. They are also the targets of several anticancer agents which indicating their importance in maintaining cell viability. Microtubular reorganization contributing to apoptotic morphology occurs in normal and neoplastic cells undergoing apoptosis induced by cytotoxic drugs. The aim of this study was to correlate the changes in the MT with behavior of the γ-tubulin in apoptotic cell, and to see if apoptitic MT showed biochemical characteristics of stable MT. Methods: Apoptosis was reorganization is an important factor of the mammalian cells response to apoptosis, and the altered properties of the MT did not reflect changes in function as apoptosis progresses. induced in the human leukemia cells (HL-60) by treatment with 1 µM of all-trans retinoic acid over a 5-day period. The time course of changes was assessed using flow cytometry, DNA fragmentation and immunocytochemistry in cells labeled for α-tubulins, acetylated α-tubulin and γ-tubulin. Results: The results indicated that γ-tubulin content is increased after cells have gone through the apoptosis with a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. α-tubulin did not reveal any specific pattern of polymerization in apoptotic cells and acetylated α-tubulin content was also decreased in comparison with non-apoptotic cells. Conclusion: Our results support the idea that microtubule.}, Keywords = {Apoptosis, Microtubule, γ-tubulin, Immunocytochemistry}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {209-214}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-145-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Nowrouzi, Azin and Yazdanparast, Razieh}, title = {G1 Phase Arrest and Apoptosis Induction in Human Thyroid Cancer Cell Line Thr.C1.PI33 by 3-Hydrogenkwadaphnin Isolated from Dendrostellera lessertii}, abstract ={Dendrostellera lessertii (Thymelaeaceae) is a toxic plant that grows in parts of Iran. The anti-proliferative properties of its crude methanol extract and one of its active components, 3-hydrogenkwadaphnin (3-HK), have been established using several cancer cell lines. Methods: In a further attempt to determine the mode of action, two groups of synchronously growing cells were treated with a single dose of 3-HK (3.5 nM) and/or a single dose of the crude extract (equivalent to 0.36 mg plant powder). Every 8 hours, the percentages of cells within G1, S, and G2-M phases were determined by flow cytometric (FCM) analysis electron microscopic pictures were taken after fixation with 2% glutaraldehyde. Results: Twelve hours after treatments, apoptotic cell death was confirmed by the observation of marked morphological changes of the plasma membrane as microvillar disappearance and the appearance of apoptotic bodies in the treated cells. FCM analyses revealed that the G1 phase arrest was under the influence of the pure substance. Conclusion: The results confirmed the previously drawn conclusion that the raw material and the pure substance from D. lessertii exert their anti-tumor effects through cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and diversion of cell fate toward programmed cell death.}, Keywords = {Thyroid cancer, Apoptosis, Dendrostellera lessertii, Flow cytometry, Transmission electron microscopy}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {215-221}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-155-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Khorramizadeh, Mohammad Reza and Saadat, Farshid and Vaezzadeh, Farhad and Safavifar, Farnaz and Bashiri, Hassan and Jahanshiri, Zahra and Momeny, Majid and Mirshafiey, Abbas}, title = {Suppression of Telomerase Activity by Pyrimethamine: Implication to Cancer}, abstract ={Although pyrimethamine (Tindurin™) appears to be effective in the prevention and treatment of some infectious diseases, very little information exists on its unpredictable properties. We design this study to evaluate its anti-tumoral effect on a model of cell line. Methods: The cytotoxic influence of Pyrimethamine on prostate cell line was investigated using an in vitro colometric assay. The potential modulatory effects on metastasis, apoptosis, and immortality characteristics of cells were assessed with gelatin zymography, terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and telomeric repeat amplification protocol, respectively. Results: Cytotoxicity analysis of pyrimethamine revealed a dose- dependent fashion. An apoptotic influence of pyrimethamine was also confirmed by data obtained from TUNEL assay. Dose-dependent inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was seen in pyrimethamine. A potent inhibitory effect of pyrimethamine was also established by data achieved from TRAPeze telomerase detection kit. Conclusions: Collectively, as induction of apoptosis together with MMP and telomerase inhibition could be indicative of cancer treatment, pyrimethamine might be considered as a chemopreventative agent in cancer.}, Keywords = {Telomerase, Cancer, Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), Pyrimethamine}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {223-228}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-152-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Haratian, Kaveh and ShamsiShahrabadi, Mahmood and Sardari, Soroush}, title = {Buthionine Sulfoximine Inhibits Cytopathic Effects and Apoptosis Induced by Infection with AIK-HDC Strain of Measles Virus}, abstract ={Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious agent which causes a major health problem in developing countries. We studied the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on the replication of an AIK-HDC strain of MV and its induced apoptosis in Vero cell lines. Methods: In this study, toxicity of BSO on Vero cells was investigated first, resulted in determination of sub-lethal or non-toxic concentration zone of BSO for cells. Next, anti-viral effect of BSO at various time limits was evaluated and virus titer was determined at each stage either as 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID)50 or by plaque assay method. Using specific anti-measles IgG, anti-viral effect of BSO on MV replication cycle was evaluated through indirect immunofluorescence assay, meanwhile presence of viral RNA was investigated by RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis. Results: According to the experiments, BSO, at concentration of 50 μM, markedly inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by MV. BSO also significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by MV. BSO either influences replication of MV genome, or may inhibit virion formation. Conclusion: These results suggest that the inhibition of CPE and apoptosis by BSO induced by MV may be associated with the effect of BSO on viral RNA genome. Therefore, it is suggested that MV infections can induce apoptosis through the activation of a common pathway that can be inhibited by BSO.}, Keywords = {Measles virus (MV), AIK-HDC, Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), Apoptosis}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {229-235}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Rasoolijazi, Homa and Joghataie, Mohammad Taghi and Roghani, Mehrdad and Nobakht, Maliheh}, title = {The Beneficial Effect of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in an Experimental Model of Alzheimer’s disease in Rat: a Behavioral Analysis}, abstract ={Progressive cognitive decline is one of the hallmark symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) which can be modeled by β-amyloid injection into specific regions of brain. Since epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant agent which its role against oxidative stress and inflammation has been shown in prior studies, we tried to determine whether EGCG administration protects against β-amyloid-induced memory and coordination impairment in rats. Methods: Animals (male Wistar rats) were divided into four groups: sham operated, EGCG-pretreated sham operated (sham + EGCG), untreated lesion (lesion), and EGCG-pretreated lesion (lesion + EGCG). Animals in lesion, lesion + EGCG, and sham + EGCG groups received sterile saline or saline plus EGCG (10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally one day pre-surgery and every other day for three weeks. The lesion was induced one day after EGCG pretreatment by injection of 4 µl of sterile saline or water containing 2 nmol/µl β-amyloid (1-40) into the hippocampal fissure. For behavioral analysis, psychomotor coordination (PMC) index and spontaneous alternation behavior were assessed using Rota-rod Treadmill and Y-maze, respectively at the third week post-lesion. Results: We found that β-amyloid (1-40) injection into hippocampus can decrease these behavioral indexes in lesion group in comparison with sham group which is similar to behavioral changes in AD. On the other hand, pretreatment with EGCG can improve the PMC index and spatial Y-maze alternation in the lesion + EGCG group in comparison with lesion group. Conclusion: We concluded that EGCG can be effective in restoring β-amyloid-induced behavioral derangements in rats regarding coordination and memory abilities.}, Keywords = {Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), Hippocampus, Behavior}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {237-243}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-154-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Shahverdi, Abdolhossein and Movahedin, Mansoureh and RezazadehValojerdi, Mojtaba and KazemiAshtiani, Saei}, title = {Comparison of Embryo Development between Intracytoplasmic and Piezo-Assisted Sperm Injection after Treating Mouse Sperms by Ca2+ Ionophore}, abstract ={The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and Piezo-assisted sperm injection after pretreatment with calcium ionophore (CaI) on the mouse embryo development. Methods: In this study, the conventional ICSI and Piezo-ICSI procedures were used. The efficacy of the methods was examined after mouse matured oocytes were fertilized with or without CaI-treated sperms. Results: Piezo-ICSI demonstrated significantly more favorable results, with a fertilization rate of 64% (conventional ICSI: 42%, P<0.001) and a cleavage rate of 73% (conventional ICSI: 58%, P<0.05). When the Piezo-ICSI procedure was performed with CaI-pretreated sperms, the cleavage rate significantly increased (92% vs. 73%, P<0.05). However, the fertilization rate did not change significantly (64% vs. 56%). Conclusion: The Piezo-ICSI accompanies with CaI-treated sperms is more efficient than the conventional ICSI method for fertilizing and thus obtaining more mouse embryos.}, Keywords = {Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), Piezo, Sperm activation, Embryo development}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {245-250}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Enayati, Ahmad Ali and MotevalliHaghi, Farz}, title = {Biochemistry of Pyrethroid Resistance in German Cockroach (Dictyoptera, Blatellidae) from Hospitals of Sari, Iran}, abstract ={The German cockroach is an important household insect pest mechanically involved in transmission of a variety of diseases to humans. Different classes of insecticides have extensively been used for its control leading to insecticide resistance development. Hence, for an optimal control of this pest, the status and underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance should be studied in this group of insects. Methods: Adult German cockroaches were collected from Imam and Bouali Cina Hospitals (Sari, Iran) and subjected to bioassay using jar test method. The results were compared to those of a susceptible laboratory strain. Biochemical assays of esterases, monooxigenases and glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels were undertaken on German cockroaches from Imam and Bouali Cina Hospitals and the results were compared deltamethrin 19.64 ± 2.9, 18.66 ± 3.45 and 8.64 ± 0.62 min for cypermethrin, respectively. The mean to a susceptible laboratory strain. Results: The LT50 values of the three strains were 20.24 ± 2.2, 19.87 ± 2.3 and 8.89 ± 0.26 for permethrin 19.3 ± 3.05, 17.6 ± 0.68 and 8.8 ± 0.99 for a-esterase activity of Imam and Bouali Cina Hospitals and susceptible strains were 6.941 × 10-4, 6.940 × 10-4 and 8.01 × 10-5 nmol/min/mg protein the mean b-esterase activity in those strains were 5.8 × 10-4, 4.25 × 10-4 and 7.28 × 10-5 nmol/min/mg protein the mean content of p450 in the above-mentioned strains were 5.64 × 10-6, 1.89 × 10-6 and 1.2 × 10-6 nmol/mg protein the mean GST activity were 6.66 × 10-2, 0.102 and 5.72 × 10-2 mmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Conclusion: The LT50 values and also the mean activity of all enzyme groups in field strains were significantly different from those of the susceptible strain, indicating a vigour tolerance to insecticides and pyrethroids in particular. Hence, insecticide resistance monitoring techniques should be put in place and also resistance management strategies and measures should be considered implementing in the area.}, Keywords = {Pyrethroids, German cockroaches, Sari}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {251-258}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-150-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Iraj and Sheikh, Nasrin and Najafi, Rezv}, title = {Nitric Oxide Level in Seminal Plasma and Its Relation with Sperm DNA Damages}, abstract ={Evidence supports the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in a Varity of male reproductive processes such as spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, sperm motion, sperm metabolism and sperm capacitation. However, Low concentration of NO is essential in biology and physiology of spermatozoa, but high amounts of NO is toxic and has negative effects on sperm functions. On the other hand, it is established that high amounts of NO have detrimental effects on DNA. The integrity of sperm DNA is an important factor in successful fertility and embryo development. It is hypothesized that supra physiological concentrations of NO in seminal plasma cause sperm DNA damage. The aim of this study was to determine sperm DNA damage by comet assay and its correlation with NO level in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men. Methods: Semen samples were collected from 45 patients and 70 healthy donors. The stable metabolites of NO (nitrite and nitrate) in seminal plasma were measured by Griess assay and DNA damage was determined using single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay method. Results: The NO concentration in the seminal plasma of infertile males was significantly higher than fertile males (5.74 ± 1.01 &muM/L vs. 3.88 ± 0.53 &muM/L). There was a significant positive correlation between the NO concentration and sperm DNA comet value in infertile males (P<0.01, R = 0.598). Conclusion: These results indicate that the overproduction of NO in genital tract of infertile males has a potential pathogenetic role in the reduction of sperm DNA integrity.}, Keywords = {Nitric oxide (NO), Infertility, Sperm, DNA integrity}, volume = {11}, Number = {4}, pages = {259-264}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, doi = {-}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2007} }