@article{ author = {Sayadmanesh, Ali and Ebrahimi, Firouz and Hajizade, Abbas and Rostamian, Mosayeb and Keshavarz, Hani}, title = {Expression and Purification of Neurotoxin-Associated Protein HA-33/A from Clostridium botulinum and Evaluation of Its Antigenicity}, abstract ={Background: Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) complexes consist of neurotoxin and neurotoxin-associated proteins. Hemagglutinin-33 (HA-33) is a member of BoNT type A (BoNT/A) complex. Considering the protective role of HA-33 in preservation of BoNT/A in gastrointestinal harsh conditions and also its adjuvant role, recombinant production of this protein is favorable. Thus in this study, HA-33 was expressed and purified, and subsequently its antigenicity in mice was studied. Methods: Initially, ha-33 gene sequence of Clostridium botulinum serotype A was adopted from GenBank. The gene sequence was optimized and synthesized in pET28a (+) vector. E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain was transformed by the recombinant vector and the expression of HA-33 was optimized at 37°C and 5 h induction time. Results: The recombinant protein was purified by nickel nitrilotriacetic acid agarose affinity chromatography and confirmed by immunoblotting. Enzyme Linked Immunoassay showed a high titer antibody production in mice. Conclusion: The results indicated a highly expressed and purified recombinant protein, which is able to evoke high antibody titers in mice.}, Keywords = {Botulinum neurotoxin, Expression, Purification}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {165-170}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {بیان و تخلیص پروتئین همراه نوروتوکسین (HA-33/A) کلستریدیوم بوتولینوم تیپ A و بررسی قابلیت آنتی ژنی آن}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1216.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1023-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1023-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Habibi, Laleh and Shokrgozar, Mohammad Ali and Motamedi, Mahdieh and Akrami, Seyed Mohamm}, title = {Effect of Heavy Metals on Silencing of Engineered Long Interspersed Element-1 Retrotransposon in Nondividing Neuroblastoma Cell Line}, abstract ={Background: L1 retrotransposons are the most active mobile DNA elements in human genome. Unregulated L1 retrotransposition may have deleterious effect by disrupting vital genes and inducing genomic instabilities. Therefore, human cells control L1 elements by silencing their activities through epigenetic mechanisms. It has been shown that cell division and heavy metals stimulate the frequency of L1 activities. Removal of silencing by L1 motivators may restart L1 element functions. Here, we have proposed that weather neurotoxic environmental heavy metals (as L1 stimulating factors) have a role in removing L1 silencing and restating its activities in nondividing neuronal cells. Methods: L1-RP green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged knock-in human neuroblastoma clones were prepared. Single-cell clone was treated with mitomycin-c combined with nontoxic and toxic concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and mercury (Hg). Silencing status of engineered L1 elements in dividing and nondividing cells was determined through measuring the amount of GFP expressing cells with flow cytometry. The cytotoxic effect of mitomycin-c combined with metals was measured by MTT assay. Results: Hg in nondividing cells and Fe, Cu, and Hg in dividing neuroblastoma cells could significantly remove L1 silencing. Also, mitomycin-c treatment did not have any effect on metal toxicity status in neuroblastoma cells. Conclusion: Totally, our findings have shown that cell division has a role in removing L1 silencing as well as L1 retrotransposition induced by environmental heavy metals. It has been also indicated that Hg at all concentrations could remove silencing of engineered L1 element regardless of cell cycle state.}, Keywords = {Cell division, Heavy metals, L1 retrotransposon}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {171-178}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {تاثیر فلزات سنگین بر خاموشی L1 رتروترانسپوزون‌ها در سلول نوروبلاستومای متوقف شده در چرخه سلولی}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1230.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1022-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1022-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Abdollahi, Maasoume and Salehnia, Mojdeh and Salehpour, Saghar and Ghorbanmehr, Nassim}, title = {Human Ovarian Tissue Vitrification/Warming Has Minor Effect on the Expression of Apoptosis-Related Genes}, abstract ={Background: In this study, we evaluated the incidence of apoptosis at the ultrastructural levels and expression of some apoptosis-related genes in vitrified human ovarian tissue just after warming. Methods: Human ovarian tissue biopsies from 23 women after caesarean section were transported to the laboratory within 2 hours, and then they were cut into small pieces. Some pieces were vitrified and warmed and the other samples were considered as control. Apoptosis was assessed by a transmission electron microscope and also by molecular analysis of pro-apoptotic (Fas, FasL, Bax, p53, caspase8, and caspase3) and antiapoptotic (Bcl-2 and BIRC5) genem RNA levels using real-time RT-PCR before and after vitrification. Results: No sign of apoptosis was shown ultrastructurally in vitrified samples. The level of FasL, Bcl-2, Bax, p53, and caspase3 mRNA and Bax:Bcl-2 ratio were similar in non-vitrified and vitrified groups however, the expression of Fas and caspase8 genes was higher and BIRC5 was lower in vitrified samples compared to non-vitrified group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The fine structure of human vitrified ovarian tissue was well preserved moreover, vitrification was shown to affect the expression of some apoptosis-related genes. However, additional study is needed to confirm this observation.}, Keywords = {Vitrification, Apoptosis, Gene expression, Ovary, Humans}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {179-186}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {انجماد شیشه ای و ذوب بافت تخمدان انسانی تاثیر اندکی بر بیان ژنهای وابسته به آپوپتوز دارد}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1243.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1011-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1011-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Yadegari, Maryam and Orazizadeh, Mahmoud and Hashemitabar, Mahmoud and Khodadadi, Ali}, title = {Protective Effects of Interleukin-4 on Tissue Destruction and Morphological Changes of Bovine Nasal Chondrocytes in vitro}, abstract ={Background: Previous studies have shown that some cytokines have protective effects on cartilage in joint diseases. In the current study, effects of IL-4 against morphological changes and tissue degradation induced by IL-1α on bovine nasal cartilage (BNC) explants were investigated. Methods: Fresh BNC samples were prepared from a slaughterhouse under sterile conditions. BNC explants culture was treated with both IL-lα (10 ng/ml) and IL-4 (50 ng/ml) at the same time for 28 days. The morphological characteristics of explants were assessed by using histology techniques and invert microscopy. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production was assessed within different days by using Western blotting. Results: IL-lα induced prominent cartilage morphology degradation. The pro and active form of MMP-1 band substantially increased at day 21 of culture. In the presence of both IL-lα and IL-4, chondrocytes preserved their ordinary normal phenotype with intact extracellular matrix. In addition, a significant reduction in pro-MMP-1and inhibition of active MMP-1 was seen. Conclusion: In conclusion, IL-4 could be regarded as a potential candidate in cartilage protecting against the degradation changes of IL-lα. It seems that the preservation effect of IL-4 is associated with significant reduction of MMP-1.}, Keywords = {Chondrocyte, Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-4, Matrix metalloproteinase-1, Bovine nasal cartilage}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {187-193}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {اثرات حفاظتی اینترلوکین 4 بر تخریب بافتی و تغییرات مورفولوژی سلول های کندروسیت غضروف بینی گاو در محیط کشت}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1219.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1032-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1032-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Hashemi, Mohammad and Zakeri, Zahra and Eskandari-Nasab, Ebrahim and Atabaki, Mahdi and Pourhosseini, Seyed Mohammad Ebrahim and Jahantigh, Mehdi and Bahari, Gholamreza and Taheri, Mohse}, title = {CD226 rs763361 (Gly307Ser) Polymorphism Is Associated with Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in Zahedan, Southeast Iran}, abstract ={Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with many genetic factors predisposing to disease susceptibility. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of CD226 rs727088 and rs763361 polymorphisms and susceptibility to RA in a sample of the Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 100 patients with RA and 104 healthy subjects. The polymorphisms were determined using tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: The rs763361 (Gly307Ser) polymorphism increased the risk of RA in codominant, dominant and recessive-tested inheritance models (odds ratio [OR] = 3.18, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI] = 1.44-7.02, P = 0.004, CC vs. TT, and OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.10-3.57, P = 0.023, CC vs. CT-TT, and OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 1.26-5.37, P = 0.010, CC + CT vs. TT, respectively). In addition, the rs763361 T allele increased the risk of RA (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.38-3.08, P<0.001). However, no significant difference was observed among the groups regarding CD226 rs727088 polymorphism (χ2 = 3.20, P = 0.202). Conclusions: Our finding showed that CD226 rs763361, but not rs727088, gene polymorphism increased the risk of RA in a sample of the Iranian population.}, Keywords = {Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), CD226, Polymorphism}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {194-199}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {پلی مورفیسم CD226 rs763361 (Gly307Ser)با استعداد ابتلا به آرتریت روماتویید در زاهدان جنوب شرق ایران همراه است}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1205.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1009-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1009-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Rajaei, Farzad and Abedpour, Neda and Salehnia, Mojdeh and Jahanihashemi, Hass}, title = {The Effect of Vitrification on Mouse Oocytes Apoptosis by Cryotop Method}, abstract ={Background: Oocyte cryopreservation is one of the most important topics in the field of assisted reproductive technology to preserve women fertility, but relationship between cryopreservation and apoptosis is still a matter of debate. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of vitrification on apoptosis in mouse oocytes by Cryotop method. Method: A total of 200 germinal vesicle (GV) and 200 metaphase II (MII) oocytes were obtained from ovaries and fallopian tubes of NMRI mice, respectively and divided into control and experimental groups. Oocytes in experimental group were vitrified by Cryotop using vitrification medium and were kept in liquid nitrogen for one month. The survival rate of oocytes was evaluated after 2 hour incubation time. Then, the oocyte apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL technique and compared with those in control group. The data was compared statistically using SPSS software and chi-square test. Results: The survival rates of vitrified GV (93%) and MII oocytes (88%) showed a significant decrease compared with the control group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in survival rate of both vitrified oocyte groups. The incidence of apoptosis in vitrified and control GV oocytes showed no significant difference (13% vs. 7%), but the rate of apoptosis in vitrified MII oocytes increased significantly not only in comparison with MII control group (25% vs. 5%) but also with vitrified GV oocytes (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that vitrification increases apoptosis in mouse MII oocytes and apoptosis may play a role in MII oocyte injury after vitrification.}, Keywords = {Vitrification, Apoptosis, Oocytes}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {200-205}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {اثرات انجماد شیشه ای به روش کرایوتاپ بر میزان زنده ماندن و آپوپتوزیس در تخمک های موش سوری}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1184.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1010-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Khordad, Elnaz and Fazel, Alireza and EbrahimzadehBideskan, Alirez}, title = {The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Garlic Administration on Lead-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Offspring\'s Eye Retina}, abstract ={Introduction: Lead toxicity induces retinal cell apoptosis. Vitamin C and garlic may decrease lead-induced apoptosis. This study was undertaken to investigate vitamin C and garlic protective effects on lead-induced apoptosis in eye retina. Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 72) were divided randomly into 9 groups: (L) treated rats with lead acetate in drinking water and (L+AA) with leaded water and vitamin C intraperitoneally(L+G), the rats received leaded-water and garlic juice via gavage (L+AA+G) treated rats with leaded water, ascorbic acid, and garlic juice, (AA) with ascorbic acid, and (G) with garlic juice (AA+G) treated rats with vitamin C and garlic juice and (Sh) with tap water plus normal hydrogen chloride (HCl) and glucose normal (N). After 21-day lactation, blood lead level (BLL) in rats was measured, and then their offspring and the rat offspring's eyes were removed and processed for using TUNEL method. TUNEL positive cells in the eye retina were counted and all groups were compared. Results: BLL increased in L group compared to the control groups and decreased significantly in L + G, L + AA, and L+ AA + G groups compared to L group (P<0.05). TUNELL positive cell number in eye retina significantly increased in L group compared to control groups (P<0.05) and decreased in L+ G, L+ AA, and L+AA + G groups compared to L group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Garlic juice and ascorbic acid administration during pregnancy and lactation may protect lead-induced apoptosis in rat offspring's eye retina.}, Keywords = {Lead, Garlic, Ascorbic acid, Apoptosis, Retina}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {206-213}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {تاثیر تجویز اسید آسکوربیک و سیر بر آپوپتوز ناشی از تماس با سرب در شبکیه چشم نوزادان رت}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1229.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1021-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Abdanipour, Alireza and Tiraihi, Taki and Taheri, Taher and Kazemi, Hadi}, title = {Microglial Activation in Rat Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Model}, abstract ={Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the secondary microglial activation processes after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: A quantitative histological study was performed to determine ED-1 positive cells, glial cell density, and cavitation size in untreated SCI rats at days 1, 2, and 4, and weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4. Results: The results of glial cell quantification along the 4900-µm long injured spinal cord showed a significant increase in glial cell density percentage at day 2 as compared to other days. Whereas the highest increase in ED-1 immunoreactive cells (monocyte/phagocyte marker in rats) was observed at day 2 (23.15%) post-injury. Evaluation of cavity percentage showed a significant difference between weeks 3 and 4 post-injury groups. Conclusions: This study provides a new insight into the multiphase immune response to SCI, including cellular inflammation, macrophages/microglia activation, glial cell density, and cavitation. Better understanding of the inflammatory processes associated with acute SCI would permit the development of better therapeutic strategies.}, Keywords = {Spinal cord injuries, Inflammation, Microglia, Macrophages}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {214-220}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {فعالیت سلول های میکروگلیال درمدل تجربی ضایعه نخاعی موش صحرایی}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1213.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1025-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} } @article{ author = {Zarei, Fatemeh and Yousofvand, Namdar and Khazaei, Mozafar and Ghanbari, Ali}, title = {Effect of Exogenous Testosterone, Finasteride, and Castration on serum level of Thyroxin}, abstract ={Background: The secretion of thyroxin (T4) as the main hormone of thyroid gland is regulated by androgens. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of testosterone and finasteride administration and castration on serum levels of T4 and to show the effect of this regulation on total body weight, weight of testis, and the weight of prostate. Methods: Male adult rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): Group 1 (control), Group 2 (castration), Group 3 (finasteride: 20 mg/kg/day) and Group 4 (testosterone: 5 mg/kg/day). At the end of the study (35 days), serum level of thyroxin, body weight, weight of testis, and prostate were determined. Results: The data showed that the body weight increased in castrated (P = 0.04) and decreased in testosterone (P = 0.00) groups but did not differ in finasteride (P>0.05) group. There were not any differences in the weight of testis among control, finasteride, and testosterone groups but the weight of prostate increased in testosterone group (P = 0.00) and decreased in castrated (P = 0.03) and finasteride groups (P = 0.04). In addition, the serum level of T4 (nmo/ml) decreased in the three groups: finasteride (P = 0.03), testosterone (P = 0.04), and castrated (P = 0.00). Conclusion: Testosterone in both high and low levels decreased the amount of T4 with a time-dependent manner.}, Keywords = {Finasteride, Rats, Testosterone, Thyroxin}, volume = {17}, Number = {4}, pages = {221-224}, publisher = {Pasteur Institute of Iran}, title_fa = {تاثیر تستسترون برون زاد، فینستراید و اختگی بر سطح سرمی تیروکسین}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.6091/ibj.1234.2013}, url = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.html}, eprint = {http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-1018-en.pdf}, journal = {Iranian Biomedical Journal}, issn = {1028-852X}, eissn = {2008-823X}, year = {2013} }