en Cancer Biology Cancer Biology مقاله مروری Review Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">In ovarian cancer, </span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">ovarian cancer stem cells</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> (OCSCs) not only contribute to tumor formation but also drive the progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The defining properties of OCSCs are sustained through the Wnt/&beta;-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways, which can synergize rather than act independently to form a triad that enhances key functional capabilities of OCSCs. Various therapeutic agents have been studied to target these pathways in OCSCs, including &gamma;-secretase inhibitors (nirogacestat), </span></span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">smoothened</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> inhibitors (vismodegib and sonidegib), and Wnt/&beta;-catenin inhibitors (PRI-724 and ipafricept). While these agents have demonstrated antitumor activity in preclinical and early clinical studies, their clinical use remains challenging due to compensatory interactions among signaling pathways, which diminish the efficacy of single-agent treatments. To improve treatment outcomes, strategies involving combination approaches and personalized treatments need to be explored. This review aims to summarize current evidence on the role of Wnt/&beta;-catenin, Notch, and Hedgehog signaling pathways in OCSCs and their therapeutic implications in ovarian cancer.</span></span></span></span></div> Hedgehogs, Ovarian neoplasms, Therapeutics, Wnt signaling pathway 360 373 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-6344-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Dini Amalia diniamalia@umri.ac.id 0009-0006-2122-3862 No Master Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia Febriani Febriani febriani.dr@gmail.com 0000-0002-2821-7426 No Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau/District General Hospital Arifin Achmad Riau Province, Pekanbaru, Indonesia Arfianti Arfianti arfianti@lecturer.unri.ac.id 0000-0003-3331-5044 Yes Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia