other <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="color:black">Introduction:</span></b> <span style="color:black">Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common respiratory disorder in preterm infants, resulting from insufficient lung development and surfactant deficiency. Various natural and synthetic surfactants are used to treat RDS. Curosurf and bractant are two commonly used natural surfactants for this condition. This randomized clinical trial compared the efficacy of these two natural surfactants in preterm infants with RDS.</span><br> <b><span style="color:black">Methods and Materials:</span></b> <span style="color:black">This clinical trial was conducted on 200 infants for eight months at the </span><em><span style="font-style:normal">Neonatal</span></em><i> </i>Intensive Care Unit<span style="color:black"> of AL-Zahra Hospital. Preterm infants weighing 2000 g and born 34 weeks of gestational age diagnosed with RDS were randomly assigned to receive either beractant (4 mg/kg every 6 hours) or curosurf (2.5 mg/kg every 12 hours). The primary outcome was a change in the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) requirements. Additional outcomes, including the number of surfactant doses, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, and mortality rates, were assessed using statistical analysis.</span><br> <b><span style="color:black">Results:</span></b><span style="color:black"> A total of 200 infants were included (100 per group). The reduction in FiO₂ from baseline to final measurement was more significant in the beractant group (49.8% vs. 53.8%; <i>p</i> = 0.05) than the other group. The beractant group required fewer repeat surfactant doses than the curosurf group (22.2% vs. 45.5% for the 4^th dose; <i>p</i> = 0.001). The length of hospital stay was shorter in the beractant group (15.48 days vs. 20.13 days; <i>p</i> = 0.01) than curosurf group, but mortality rates did not differ significantly between groups.</span><br> <b><span style="color:black">Conclusion and Discussion:</span></b><span style="color:black"> The Iranian-produced beractant was at least as effective as curosurf in improving oxygenation and reducing the need for repeat surfactant doses in preterm infants with RDS. Beractant was also associated with shorter hospital stays, potentially making it a more<br> cost-effective treatment option. These findings support using beractants as an effective surfactant replacement therapy for RDS in preterm infants. However, further investigations with a broader sample size are needed to support the results.</span></span></span></span></div> <br> <span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img alt="" src="./files/site1/images/888.jpg" style="width: 1000px; height: 36px;" ></span> Infant, Respiratory disorders, Respiratory distress syndrome 128 128 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4696-132&slc_lang=other&sid=1 Parisa Darvish Mohammadi No Ahamadreza Ghalami Nobar No Elnaz Shaseb Yes Mohammadbagher Hosseini No Parvin Sarbakhsh No Manijeh Mostafa Gharabaghi No