en Molecular Microbiology Molecular Microbiology مقاله مروری Review Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a significant global health problem, mainly due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the development of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis. Dysbiosis of. the </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">gut microbiota</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black"> (GM) is associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Dietary choices and other lifestyle factors influence the composition of the GM and contribute to the development of NAFLD. At the phylum level, individuals with NAFLD show an increased level in <i>Actinobacteria</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i>, while Verrucomicrobia, Thermus, Proteobacteria, Lentiphaerae, and Fusobacteria are found to be decreased. Several genera, including <i>Faecalibacterium</i> and <i>Akkermansia</i>, exhibit alterations in NAFLD and are linked to disease progression. Modulating the GM through prebiotics, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for NAFLD. This review summarizes the current understanding of GM changes in NAFLD, focusing on findings from both human and animal studies. </span></span></span></span></div> Dysbiosis, Gastrointestinal microbiome, Microbiota, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 1 8 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5828-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hessam Yaghmaei hessam.yaghmaei@gmail.com 0000-0001-9426-0492 No Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Amirmahdi Taromiha ataromiha@gmail.com 0009-0006-9800-8140 No Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Nojoumi ali.nojoumi@gmail.com 0000-0003-0656-6112 No Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Masood Soltanipur masood.noavaran@gmail.com 0000-0001-9590-2776 No Quality of Life Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran Sina Shahshenas sinashahshenas@gmail.com 0009-0008-5377-2991 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Rezaei dr.mrezaei98@gmail.com 0000-0003-0409-2072 No Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohsen Mirhosseini mohsenmirhosseini@yahoo.com 0000-0002-2903-682X No Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Seyyedmh1998@gmail.com 0000-0002-0568-2667 No Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Davar Siadat d.siadat@gmail.com 0000-0002-6892-5603 Yes Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran