en Related Fields Related Fields مقاله کامل Full Length/Original Article <span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Background: </span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Renal transplantation plays an essential role in the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. At least 12% of the renal patients receiving transplantations show graft rejection. One of the methods used to diagnose renal transplantation rejection is renal allograft biopsy. This procedure is associated with some risks such as bleeding and arteriovenous fistula formation. In this study, we applied a bioinformatics approach to identify serum markers for graft rejection in patients receiving a renal transplantation. </span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Methods: </span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Transcriptomic data were first retrieved from the blood of renal transplantation rejection patients using the GEO database. The data were then used to construct the protein-protein interaction and gene regulatory networks using Cytoscape software. Next, network analysis was performed to identify hub-bottlenecks, and key blood markers involved in renal graft rejection. Lastly, the gene ontology and functional pathways related to hub-bottlenecks were detected using PANTHER and DAVID servers. </span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Results:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="color:black"> I</span>n PPIN and GRN,<i><span style="color:black"> SYNCRIP, SQSTM1, GRAMD1A, FAM104A, ND2, TPGS2, </span>ZNF652, RORA</i>, <span style="color:black">and </span><i>MALAT1 </i>were the identified critical genes<span style="color:black">. In GRN, <i>miR-155, miR17, miR146b, miR-200</i> family, and <i>GATA2 </i>were the factors that regulated critical genes. </span>The <span style="color:black">MAPK, neurotrophin, and TNF signaling pathways, IL-17, and human cytomegalovirus infection, human papillomavirus infection, and shigellosis were identified as significant pathways involved in graft rejection. </span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%">Conclusion: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%">The above-mentioned genes </span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span style="color:black">can be used as diagnostic and therapeutic serum markers of transplantation rejection in </span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"><span style="line-height:115%">renal<span style="color:black"> patients.&nbsp; </span>The newly predicted biomarkers and pathways require further studies. </span></span></span> Biomarkers, Gene regulatory network, Renal diseases 375 387 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5229-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Fatemeh Saberi fatemeh.saberi82@gmail.com 0000-0002-6225-5987 No Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zeinab Dehghan dehghan.m.zeinab@gmail.com 0000-0003-4787-1287 No Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Effat Noori effat.noori@yahoo.com 0000-0002-8196-1967 No Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hakimeh Zali hakimehzali@gmail.com 0000-0003-2770-5759 Yes Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran