en Molecular Microbiology Molecular Microbiology مقاله کامل Full Length/Original Article <span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span calibri=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span new="" roman="" times="">Background:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span new="" roman="" times=""> Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota is an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Due to a link between the gut microbiota and IBD, studying microbiota changes using an accurate, sensitive and rapid method for detection of the disease seems necessary.<b> </b>This study aimed to compare the composition of gut microbiota in three groups of people, including IBD patients, cured Inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD), and healthy groups. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span calibri=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span new="" roman="" times="">Methods:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span new="" roman="" times=""> For this study, 45 stool samples (15 from each group) were collected. Using real-time PCR, the abundance of 11 bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences was examined. </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span calibri=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span new="" roman="" times="">Results: </span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:99%"><span new="" roman="" times="">In the IBD group, the number of three bacterial phyla, including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01, <i>p</i> < 0.01, and <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively), while the population of &gamma;-Proteobacteria increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). In the CIBD group, the number of Actinobacteria enhanced (<i>p</i> < 0.01), but that of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.01, and <i>p</i> < 0.05, respectively). </span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" times="">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:115%"><span new="" roman="" times=""> Findings of this study indicate that decrease in Firmicutes and increase in &gamma;-Proteobacteria could be used as an indicator of IBD instead of employing invasive and costly detection methods such as colonoscopy and other tests.</span></span></span></span> Inflammatory bowel disease, Microbiota, Real-time polymerase chain reaction 350 356 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-5014-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Afsaneh Salimi afsaneh.salimi18@yahoo.com 0000-0002-7669-9343 No Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Amin Sepehr aminsepehr20@gmail.com 0000-0001-6666-2005 No Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Hossein Ajdarkosh Ajdarkosh1345@yahoo.com 0000-0001-7518-4543 No Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shadi Aghamohamad shadi.aghamohammad@yahoo.com 0000-0003-1832-3695 No Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Maliheh Talebi talebi_25@yahoo.com 0000-0002-4380-707X No Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Rohani* kia.rohani@gmail.com 0000-0001-8956-5072 No Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Pourshafie pour62@yahoo.com 0000-0002-6226-7064 Yes Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran