Iranian Biomedical Journal

en Evaluation of Anticancer and Cytotoxic Effects of Genistein on PC3 Prostate Cell Line under Three-Dimensional Culture Medium Cancer Biology Cancer Biology مقاله کامل Full Length/Original Article Background: Prostate cancer is a major cause of disease and mortality among men. Genistein (GNT) is an isoflavone found naturally in legumes. Isoflavones, a subset of phytoestrogens, are structurally similar to mammalian estrogens. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT on PC3 cell line under three dimensional (3D) culture medium. Methods: The 3D culture was created by encapsulating the PC3 cells in alginate hydrogel. MTT assay, neutral red uptake, comet assay, and cytochrome C assay were used to study the anticancer and cytotoxic effects of GNT at 120, 240, and 480 μM concentrations. Also, nitric oxide (NO), catalase, and glutathione assay levels were determined to evaluate the effect of GNT on the cellular stress. The culture medium was used as the negative control. Results: GNT reduced the production of cellular NO and increased the production of catalase and glutathione, confirming the results of the NO test. Evaluation of the toxicity effect of GNT at the concentrations of 120, 240, and 480 μM using comet assay showed that this chemical agent induces apoptosis in PC3 cells in a dose-dependent manner. As the level of cytochrome C in PC3 cells treated with different concentrations of GNT was not significantly different from that of the control, GNT could induce apoptosis in PC3 cells through the non-mitochondrial pathway.  Conclusion: The findings of this study disclose that the anticancer effect of GNT on PC3 cells under 3D culture conditions could increase the effectiveness of treatment. Also, the cell survival rate is dependent on GNT concentration. Apoptosis, Genistein, Three-dimensional cell culture 380 388 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4905-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyedeh Masoumeh Khamesi khamesi.massomeh@gmail.com 0000-0002-3516-1571 No Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Salehi Barough msbarough@iauctb.ac.ir 0000-0002-5680-0002 Yes Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Jamil Zargan jazrgan@ihu.ac.ir 0000-0002-1655-4265 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Shayesteh mshayesteh@ihu.ac.ir 0000-0002-5771-9708 No Department of Physics, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Nooshin Banaee n.banaee@iauctb.ac.ir 0000-0001-7861-5441 No Department of Medical Radiation Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ashkan Haji Noormohammadi ashkan.genetics@gmail.com 0000-0002-2420-4716 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Hani Keshavarz Alikhani alikhani865@gmail.com 0000-0001-7005-5072 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Mousavi smohsenmousavi71@gmail.com 0000-0002-5984-0739 No Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran