en Tissue Engineering and Cell Biology Tissue Engineering and Cell Biology مقاله کامل Full Length/Original Article <span style="font-size:11px;"><span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri=""><b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:150%">Background:</span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:150%"> <span style="color:black">Freeze dried bone allograft nanoparticles on a nanofiber membrane may serve as an ideal scaffold for bone regeneration. This study aimed to assess the biological behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of proliferation and adhesion to nanoparticulate and microparticulate freeze dried bone allograft (FDBA) scaffolds on poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofiber membrane.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="line-height:150%"><span calibri=""><b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:150%">Methods:</span></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:150%"> <span style="color:black">In this experimental study, PLLA nanofiber scaffolds were synthesized by the electrospinning method. The FDBA nanoparticles were synthesized mechanically. The FDBA nanoparticles and microparticles were loaded on the surface of PLLA nanofiber membrane. A total of 64 scaffold samples in four groups of n-FDBA/PLLA, FDBA/PLLA, PLLA and control were placed in 24-well polystyrene tissue culture plates; 16 wells were allocated to each group. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test.</span></span></span></span></span><br> <strong>Results:</strong> The proliferation rate of <span lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri=""><span style="color:black">MSCs was significantly higher in the nanoparticulate group compared to the microparticulate group at five days (<i>p</i> = 0.034). Assessment of cell</span></span></span></span> <span lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri=""><span style="color:black">morphology at 24 hours revealed spindle-shaped cells with a higher number of appendages in the nanoparticulate group compared to other groups.</span></span></span></span><br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> MSCs on <span lang="EN-GB"><span style="line-height:107%"><span calibri=""><span style="color:black">n-FDBA/PLLA scaffold were morphologically more active and flatter with a higher number of cellular appendages, as compared to FDBA/PLLA. It seems that the nanoparticulate scaffold is superior to the microparticulate scaffold in terms of proliferation, attachment, and morphology of MSCs <i>in vitro.</i></span></span></span></span><br> <br> &nbsp;</span> Allografts, Bone regeneration, Mesenchymal stem cells, Nanofibers 193 201 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4562-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Shabnam Aghayan shabnamaghayan@yahoo.com 0000-0002-3192-3655 Yes Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Seyedjafari seyedjafari@ut.ac.ir 0000-0003-3773-2830 No Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Shadi Hamidi dentist1400@yahoo.com 0000-0002-0917-1741 No Dentist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran