en Related Fields Related Fields مقاله کامل Full Length/Original Article <strong>Background:</strong> The most important cause of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer&#39;s disease (AD) is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Probiotics are microorganisms that are believed to be beneficial to human and animals. Probiotics reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in some cases. Therefore, this study determined the effects of probiotics mixture on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in an AD model of rats. <strong>Methods:</strong> In this study, 50 rats were allocated to five groups, namely control, sham, and AD groups with A&beta;1-40 intra-hippocampal injection, as well as AD + rivastigmine and&nbsp; AD + probiotics groups with A&beta;1-40 intra-hippocampal injection and 2 ml (10¹⁰ CFU) of probiotics (<em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em>,<em> Lactobacillus rhamnosus</em>, and <em>Bifidobacterium infantis</em>) orally once a day for 10 weeks. MWM was used to assess memory and learning. To detect A&beta; plaque, Congo red staining was used. Oxidative stress was monitored by measuring the MDA level and SOD activity, and to assess inflammation markers (IL-1&beta; and TNF-&alpha;) in the hippocampus, ELISA method was employed. <strong>Results:</strong> Spatial memory improved significantly in treatment group as measured by MWM. Probiotics administration reduced A&beta; plaques in AD rats. MDA decreased and SOD increased in the treatment group. Besides, probiotics reduced IL-1&beta; and TNF-&alpha; as inflammation markers in the AD model of rats. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our data revealed that probiotics are helpful in attenuating inflammation and oxidative stress in AD. Alzheimer’s disease, Inflammation, Probiotics, Oxidative stress 220 228 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-820&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Shima Mehrabadi 0000-0002-9482-5198 No Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr 0000-0002-9482-5198 Yes Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran