en Related Fields Related Fields مقاله کامل Full Length/Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Background:</strong> TGF-&beta; has long been considered as the main inducer of Tregs in tumor microenvironment and is the reason for the aberrant number of Tregs in tumor-bearing individuals. Recently, it has been suggested that the enzyme arginase I is able to mediate the induction of Tregs in a TGF-&beta;-independent fashion. The recombinant WW2/WW3 domains from smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 molecule was demonstrated to increase TGF-&beta; signaling while reducing arginase I gene expression. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of this recombinant protein on CD4⁺CD25⁺/CD4⁺ proportion in the spleen of 4T1 mammary carcinoma-bearing BALB/c mice. <strong>Methods: </strong>Flow cytometry was used to evaluate CD4⁺CD25⁺ spleen cell populations of the tumor-bearing mice that received WW2/WW3 protein treatment and those of the control group. <strong>Results:</strong> The results indicated a significant rise in CD4⁺CD25⁺/CD4⁺ ratio, along with an average increase in tumor mass of the subjects that underwent protein treatment. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be inferred that the heightened CD4⁺CD25⁺/CD4⁺ proportion in the spleen of&nbsp; protein-treated tumor-bearing mice can be the result of the increased TGF-&beta; signaling despite the reduced arginase I expression.&nbsp;</div> Arginase, Transforming growth factor-ꞵ, WW domains 214 219 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-815&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Hani Mosayebzadeh Roshan 0000-0002-7881-6750 Yes Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Seyed-Hosein Abtahi-Eivary 0000-0001-5807-8933 No Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Hassan Shojaee-Mend 0000-0003-1823-924X No Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Alireza Mohammadzadeh 0000-0002-9388-0750 No Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Zahra Bahari Sani 0000-0002-1404-937X No Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran