fa Tissue Engineering and Cell Biology Tissue Engineering and Cell Biology مقاله مروری Review Article The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is influenced by both genetic factors and epigenetic modifications; the latter is a result of exposure to various environmental factors. Epigenetic modifications affect gene expression and alter cellular functions without modifying the genomic sequences. CpG-DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNAs are the main epigenetic factors of gene regulation. In SLE, global and gene-specific DNA methylation changes have been demonstrated to occur in CD4⁺ T-cells. Moreover, histone acetylation and deacetylation inhibitors reverse the expression of multiple genes involved in SLE, indicating histone modification in SLE. Autoreactive T-cells and B-cells have been shown to alter the patterns of epigenetic changes in SLE patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SLE is critical for the introduction of effective, target-directed and tolerated therapies. In this review, we summarize the recent findings that highlight the importance of epigenetic modifications and their mechanisms in SLE.  DNA methylation, Epigenesis, Histones, microRNAs, Systemic lupus erythematosus 294 302 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-732&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Shirin Farivar 0000-0002-3277-1163 Yes Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C. Tehran, Iran Fateme Shaabanpour Aghamaleki 0000-0002-8078-4129 No Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C. Tehran, Iran