en Molecular Genetics & Genomics Molecular Genetics & Genomics مقاله کامل Full Length/Original Article <strong>Background:</strong> Prostate cancer is the second form of cancer among men worldwide. For early cancer detection, we should identify tumors in initial stages before the physical signs become visible. The present study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), its comparison with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in prostate cancer screening and also in patients with localized prostate cancer, metastatic form, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). <strong>Methods:</strong> The participants of this study were selected from 126 patients with genitourinary symptoms suspected prostate cancer, rising PSA, and/or abnormal rectal examination results and 10 healthy subjects as controls. Peripheral blood plasma before any treatment measures was considered. cfDNA was extracted using a commercial kit, and PSA levels were measured by ELISA. The ANOVA test was used to compare the average serum level of PSA and plasma concentration of cfDNA between the groups. The correlation between variables was measured by the Pearson test. <strong>Results: </strong>The subgroups consisted of 50 patients with localized prostate cancer, 26 patients with metastatic prostate cancer, 50 patients with BPH, and 10 healthy subjects; the average concentrations of cfDNA in these subgroups were 15.04, 19.62, 9.51, and 8.7 ng/&mu;l, respectively. According to <em>p </em>< 0.0001 obtained from multivariate test, there was a significant difference between all the groups. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our findings indicated significant differences between cfDNA levels of patients with localized and metastatic prostate cancer, and differences of these two groups from BPH and healthy cases show the importance of this biomarker in non-invasive diagnostic procedures. Prostate cancer, Cell-free DNA, Non-invasive diagnosis 331 337 http://ibj.pasteur.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-717&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyedeh Maryam Seyedolmohadessin 0000-0000-0000-0000 No Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi Akbari 0000-0002-3305-4967 Yes Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Zahra Nourmohammadi 0000-0003-3890-9001 No Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Abbas Basiri 0000-0000-0000-0000 No Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Gholamreza Pourmand 0000-0000-0000-0000 No Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran